全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1129篇 |
免费 | 28篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 850篇 |
晶体学 | 5篇 |
力学 | 4篇 |
数学 | 68篇 |
物理学 | 232篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 32篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 27篇 |
2016年 | 51篇 |
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 35篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 34篇 |
2011年 | 43篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 55篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 55篇 |
2005年 | 43篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 29篇 |
2002年 | 28篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1974年 | 19篇 |
1973年 | 24篇 |
1972年 | 37篇 |
1971年 | 22篇 |
1970年 | 17篇 |
1969年 | 14篇 |
1968年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有1159条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
G. L. Sharipov V. R. Akhmetova I. V. Rusakov A. M. Abdrakhmanov L. R. Zagretdinova R. A. Sadykov Yu. A. Lebedev 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2010,59(5):917-921
The effect of saturation with argon, as well as styrene and iodine additives on the temperature dependence of multibubble
sonoluminescence intensity in molten sulfur at 120–230 °C was studied. The shape of the temperature dependence with a maximum
at 170–200 °C is determined by the viscosity variations related to the changes in the molecular structure of molten elemental
sulfur. At high temperatures, cyclooctasulfane (S8) molecules break to radical products, which then undergo polymerization that can be slowed down by the additives. Sulfurization
of styrene during sonolysis of a sulfur—styrene mixture resulting in products of the thiophene series was detected. Unlike
thermal sulfurization that affords 2,5-diphenylthiophene as a major product, sonochemical sulfurization results mainly in
2,4-diphenylthiophene. The mechanism of 2,4-diphenylthiophene formation initiated by the reaction of styrene molecules with
S+ ions produced upon fragmentation of S8 within cavitation bubbles is proposed. The glow of electronically excited S+* ions is responsible for the band with a maximum at 560 nm in the sonoluminescence spectrum of molten sulfur, which is suppressed
by the styrene additive. 相似文献
122.
Renat R. Nazmutdinov Tamara T. Zinkicheva Sergey Yu. Vassiliev Dmitri V. Glukhov Galina A. Tsirlina Michael Probst 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2010,75(4):1244-1252
The structure of sodium cryolite melts was studied using Raman spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations performed at the density functional theory level. The existence of bridged forms in the melts was argued first from the analysis of experimental Raman spectra. In the quantum chemical modelling emphasis was put on the construction of potential energy surfaces describing the formation/dissociation of certain complex species. Effects of the ionic environment were found to play a crucial role in the energetics of model processes. The structure of the simplest possible polymeric forms involving two Al centres linked through F atoms (“dimers”) was thoroughly investigated. The calculated equilibrium constants and model Raman spectra yield additional evidence in favour of the dimers. This agrees with a self-consistent analysis of a series of Raman spectra for a wide range of the melt composition. 相似文献
123.
Jovica Stojanovi Tamara ?or?evi Ljiljana Karanovi 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2010,66(5):i55-i57
The structure of the title compound, ammineaquadi‐μ5‐phosphato‐trizinc(II), [Zn3(PO4)2(H2O)0.8(NH3)1.2], consists of two parts: (i) PO4 and ZnO4 vertex‐sharing tetrahedra arranged in layers parallel to (100) and (ii) ZnO2(N/O)2 tetrahedra located between the layers. Elemental analysis establishes the ammine‐to‐water ratio as 3:2. ZnO2(N/O)2 tetrahedra are located at special position 4e (site symmetry 2) in C2/c. The two O atoms of ZnO2(N/O)2 are bonded to neighbouring P atoms, forming two Zn—O—P linkages and connecting ZnO2(N/O)2 tetrahedra with two adjacent bc plane layers. A noteworthy feature of the structure is the presence of NH3 and H2O at the same crystallographic position and, consequently, qualitative changes in the pattern of hydrogen bonding and weaker N/O—H...O electrostatic interactions, as compared to two closely related structures. 相似文献
124.
Yu. V. Piskunov V. V. Ogloblichev I. Yu. Arapova A. V. Sadykov A. P. Gerashchenko S. V. Verkhovskii 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》2011,113(5):826-834
The effect of charge disorder on the formation of an inhomogeneous state of the electron system in the conduction band in
BaPb1 − x
Sb
x
O3 superconducting oxides is investigated experimentally by NMR methods. The NMR spectra of 17O are measured systematically, and the contributions from 17O atoms with different cation nearest surroundings are identified. It is found that microscopic regions with an elevated spin
density of charge carriers are formed within two coordination spheres near antimony ions. Nuclei of the superconducting phase
of the oxide (regions with an elevated antimony concentration) microscopically distributed over the sample are detected in
compounds with x = 0.25 and 0.33. Experiments in which a double resonance signal of the spin echo of 17O-207Pb and 17O-121Sb are measured in the metal phase of BaPb1 − x
Sb
x
O3 oxides are carried out for the first time. The constants of indirect heteronuclear spin-spin 17O-207Pb interaction are determined as functions of the local Knight shift 207
Ks. The estimates of the constants of the indirect interaction between the nuclei of the nearest neighbors (O-Pb and Pb-Pb atoms)
and analysis of evolution of the NMR spectra of 17O upon a change in the antimony concentration are convincing evidence in favor of the development of a microscopically inhomogeneous
state of the electron system in the metal phase of BaPb1 − x
Sb
x
O3 oxides. 相似文献
125.
A. G. Smol’nikov V. V. Ogloblichev A. F. Sadykov Yu. V. Piskunov A. P. Gerashchenko S. V. Verkhovskii A. Yu. Yakubovskii S. N. Barilo G. L. Bychkov S. V. Shiryaev 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》2011,112(6):1020-1025
The NMR spectra and the decay of a spin echo signal from 51V nuclei in Kagome-staircase Co3V2O8 (CVO) and Ni3V2O8 (NVO) single crystals are measured in the temperature range 30–300 K and a magnetic field H
0 = 20 kOe. The orientation dependences of the 51V NMR line shape are used to determine the electric field gradient (EFG) parameters, namely, quadrupole frequency ν
Q
and asymmetry parameter η. These parameters for NVO and CVO are ν
Q
= 180(10) kHz, η = 0.5(1) and ν
Q
= 130(10) kHz, η = 0.6(1), respectively. A comparison of the results of calculating EFG tensors with a point charge model
and the NMR data indicates that the crystallographically equivalent vanadium atoms in the Ni3V2O8 and Co3V2O8 compounds differ in the EFG axis orientation. M3V2O8 crystals are found to have vanadium positions (V1, V2) with different orientations of the z axis, which specifies the direction of the principal value of EFG (V
zz
): these orientations lie in the bc plane and make an angle of either +51(5)° (V1) or −51(5)° (V2) with axis c. In the temperature range 30–300 K, the EFG tensor components and the local symmetry of the charge surrounding of the vanadium
positions in NVO and CVO oxides are found to change insignificantly. 相似文献
126.
Ezhil Jothinathan Kim VanmeenselJef Vleugels Tamara KharlamovaVladislav Sadykov Svetlana PavlovaGeorgia Sourkouni Christian SzepanskiChristos Argirusis Omer Van der Biest 《Solid State Ionics》2011,192(1):419-423
Apatite type rare earth silicates are being extensively studied as electrolyte material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). In this paper we presents results on synthesis of Al and/or Fe-doped ATLS, the design of compatible anode materials, thermal expansion properties and co-sintering of half-cells from expansion matched materials using the advanced pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) technique. The issues related to the co-sintering of half cells have been addressed successfully by the combined use of nano powders and PECS. 相似文献
127.
H. Gasparyan S. NeophytidesD. Niakolas V. Stathopoulos T. KharlamovaV. Sadykov O. Van der BiestE. Jothinathan E. LouradourJ.-P. Joulin S. Bebelis 《Solid State Ionics》2011,192(1):158-162
A series of iron- and/or aluminium-doped apatite-type lanthanum silicates (ATLS) La9.83Si6 ‐ x ‐ yAlxFeyO26 ± δ (x = 0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1.5, y = 0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1.5) were synthesized using the mechanochemical activation (MA), solid state reaction (SSR), Pechini (Pe) and sol-gel (SG) methods. The total conductivity of the prepared materials was measured under air in the temperature range 600-850 °C using 4-probe AC impedance spectroscopy. Its dependence on composition, synthesis method, sintering conditions and powder particle size was investigated. It was found that for electrolytes of the same composition, those prepared via mechanochemical activation exhibited the highest total specific conductivity, which was improved with increasing Al- and decreasing Fe-content. The highest conductivity value at 700 °C, equal to 2.04 × 10− 2 S cm− 1, was observed for the La9.83Si5Al0.75Fe0.25O26 ± δ electrolyte. La9.83Si4.5Fe1.5O26 ± δ electrolyte samples synthesized using the Pechini method exhibited higher conductivity when sintered conventionally than when spark-plasma sintering (SPS) was used. 相似文献
128.
There is a need for more students to be interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers to advance U.S. competitiveness and economic growth. A consensus exists that improving STEM education is necessary for motivating more students to pursue STEM careers. In this study, a survey to measure student (grades 4–6) attitudes toward STEM and STEM careers was developed and administered to 662 students from two STEM‐focused and three comprehensive (non‐STEM‐focused) schools. Cronbach's alphas for the whole survey and subscales indicated a high internal consistency. Statistically significant difference in means between students attending the STEM‐focused and comprehensive schools on the two subscales of the survey and the overall survey were found. However, the explained variance for these results was approximately 1%. The survey is a useful tool to assess efficacy of STEM education programs on student attitudes toward STEM and STEM careers. 相似文献
129.
S. Selcen Guzey Kristina Tank Hui‐Hui Wang Gillian Roehrig Tamara Moore 《School science and mathematics》2014,114(3):139-149
With the increasing emphasis on integrating engineering into K‐12 classrooms to help meet the needs of our complex and multidisciplinary society, there is an urgent need to investigate teachers' engineering‐focused professional development experiences as they relate to teacher learning, implementation, and student achievement. This study addresses this need by examining the effects of a professional development program focused on engineering integration, and how teachers chose to implement engineering in their classrooms as a result of the professional development. 198 teachers in grades 3–6 from 43 schools in 17 districts participated in a yearlong professional development program designed to help integrate the new state science standards, with a focus on engineering, into their teaching. Posters including lesson plans and student artifacts were used to assess teachers' engineering practices and the implementation in their classrooms. Results indicated that the majority of the teachers who participated in the professional development were able to effectively implement engineering design lessons in their classrooms suggesting that the teachers' success in implementing engineering lessons in their classroom was closely related to the structure of the professional development program. 相似文献
130.
Nataliya F. Lazareva Tamara I. Vakul'skaya Alexander I. Albanov Vadim A. Pestunovich 《应用有机金属化学》2006,20(10):696-705
The introduction of the organosilicon substituent into the α‐position of an amino group results in cardinal change of the amine reactivity irrespective of the coordination state of silicon. Amines R2NCH2SiX3 [R = Me, Et, PhCH2, CH2SiX3; SiX3 = SiMe3, Si(OEt)3, Si(OCH2CH2)3N] easily react with AgNO3, to give the corresponding ammonium salts (R2NH+ CH2SiX3)·NO3?. At the same time, Ag(I) is reduced to Ag(0). The interaction of N‐methyl‐N,N‐bis(silatranylmethyl)amine with AgNO3 has been investigated by EPR spectroscopy. It was proven that the reaction involved a single electron transfer stage with the formation of cation radical of this amine. A mechanism of the reaction is proposed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献