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排序方式: 共有178条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
151.
Okuda T Kidoaki S Ohsaki M Koyama Y Yoshikawa K Niidome T Aoyagi H 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2003,1(8):1270-1273
Dendritic poly(L-lysine) of the 6th generation shows high transfection efficiency into several cultivated cells with low cytotoxicity. In order to understand the mechanism of complex formation with plasmid DNA, the complex was observed using atomic force microscopy. After mixing for 15 min, 1-2 microns assemblies of complexes composed of several small particles (50-200 nm) were observed. At the same time, individual small complexes of 50 to 500 nm were observed on a mica surface. After incubation for 2 h, only the large complexes were found on the mica surface. As a result of further dynamic light scattering analysis and measurement of the transfection efficiency at different time points, the transfection efficiency of KG6 was found to increase with increasing size of the DNA-complexes. This result indicates that large complexes of more than 1 micron are major species that contribute to transfection in vitro. 相似文献
152.
Artificial viruses and their application to gene delivery. Size-controlled gene coating with glycocluster nanoparticles 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Aoyama Y Kanamori T Nakai T Sasaki T Horiuchi S Sando S Niidome T 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(12):3455-3457
Number- and size-controlled macromolecular associations are common in biology with viruses as a typical example. We report here a novel example of artificial viruses, in which the double-helical DNA is coated with 4-nm sized neutral glycocluster nanoparticles (GNPs) with a coating stoichiometry of approximately 2 GNPs per helical pitch (10 base pairs), where GNP arises from micellization of a cone-shaped, quadruple-chain glycocluster amphiphile having eight saccharide moieties with beta-glucoside termini on the calix[4]resorcarene macrocycle. The resulting "glycoviruses" are compactly packed (54 nm in the case of 7040 base-pair plasmid pCMVluc), are well charge-shielded (zeta congruent with approximately 0 mV), and effectively transfect cell cultures without notable cytotoxicity. The use of artificial viral vectors thus allows a new (nonamine/noncationic/nonpolymeric) access to gene delivery, a potential but still tough subject which has been studied extensively over the last 15 years by using viral or amine-based cationic vectors. The remarkable adhesion-manipulation ability of saccharide clusters also provides a strategy of bottom-up construction of nanometric or mesoscopic sizes. 相似文献
153.
Jiangyang Liu Kazuki Nagashima Yuki Nagamatsu Takuro Hosomi Hikaru Saito Chen Wang Wataru Mizukami Guozhu Zhang Benjarong Samransuksamer Tsunaki Takahashi Masaki Kanai Takao Yasui Yoshinobu Baba Takeshi Yanagida 《Chemical science》2021,12(14):5073
The surface cation composition of nanoscale metal oxides critically determines the properties of various functional chemical processes including inhomogeneous catalysts and molecular sensors. Here we employ a gradual modulation of cation composition on a ZnO/(Cu1−xZnx)O heterostructured nanowire surface to study the effect of surface cation composition (Cu/Zn) on the adsorption and chemical transformation behaviors of volatile carbonyl compounds (nonanal: biomarker). Controlling cation diffusion at the ZnO(core)/CuO(shell) nanowire interface allows us to continuously manipulate the surface Cu/Zn ratio of ZnO/(Cu1−xZnx)O heterostructured nanowires, while keeping the nanowire morphology. We found that surface exposed copper significantly suppresses the adsorption of nonanal, which is not consistent with our initial expectation since the Lewis acidity of Cu2+ is strong enough and comparable to that of Zn2+. In addition, an increase of the Cu/Zn ratio on the nanowire surface suppresses the aldol condensation reaction of nonanal. Surface spectroscopic analysis and theoretical simulations reveal that the nonanal molecules adsorbed at surface Cu2+ sites are not activated, and a coordination-saturated in-plane square geometry of surface Cu2+ is responsible for the observed weak molecular adsorption behaviors. This inactive surface Cu2+ well explains the mechanism of suppressed surface aldol condensation reactions by preventing the neighboring of activated nonanal molecules. We apply this tailored cation composition surface for electrical molecular sensing of nonanal and successfully demonstrate the improvements of durability and recovery time as a consequence of controlled surface molecular behaviors.Unexpected features of surface Cu2+ on ZnO/(Cu1−xZnx)O nanowires for molecular transformation and electrical sensing of carbonyl compounds were found. 相似文献
154.
Daichi Asakawa Takuro Kiyota Yukiko Yanagi Nobuhide Fujitake 《Analytical sciences》2008,24(5):607-613
A method of high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) for a wide variety of soil humic acids (HAs) was developed. Two types of soil HAs (Cambisol and Andosol HAs), which have substantially different chemical properties, showed different effects of salt and organic solvent concentrations in the eluent on chromatograms. A Shodex OHpak SB-805 HQ column with 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 25% of acetonitrile (v/v) was found to be applicable for different HAs, and showed high reproducibility and recovery (87.0 - 94.5%). The Cambisol HA was fractionated into five fractions using an ultrafiltration with different molecular-weight cut-offs. The order of the molecular weights of the five fractions calculated from the HPSEC analysis corresponded to that defined by ultrafiltration. This supported the reliability of the method. 相似文献
155.
"Magic mushrooms" (MMs) are psychoactive fungi containing the and Psychotropics Control Law in Japan. Because there are many kinds of MMs and they are often sold even as dry powders in local markets, it is very difficult to identify the original species of the MMs by morphological observation. Therefore, we investigated the rRNA gene for a large subunit (LSU) of several MMs to classify them by a genetic approach. In this paper, we described the phylogeny of species of MMs based on the partial sequence (about 970 bp) of the LSU and the rapid identification of MMs using the TaqMan PCR assay. 相似文献
156.
Hironobu Takahashi Takuro Niidome Takahito Kawano Sunao Yamada Yasuro Niidome 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2008,10(1):221-228
Gold nanorods (NRs), rod-shaped gold nanoparticles, were modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyethylenimine (PEI)
using layer-by-layer technique. From absorption spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements, it was obvious that NRs were
wrapped with these polymers without aggregation of NRs. Following BSA modification, the surface-modified NRs (BSA-NRs) were
well-dispersed without aggregation in biochemical conditions, verified from absorption spectroscopy. Further modification
with PEI provided positively charged NRs (PEI-NRs). A transmission electron microscopy image of PEI-NRs revealed that the
surface modification did not affect changing the shape of the initial NRs. In addition, the PEI-NRs retained the colloidal
stability of BSA-NRs in biochemical conditions. We have evaluated that transfection activity of PEI-NRs with HeLa cells. From
results of gene expression experiments, it was obvious that the stabilization of NRs by BSA and further modification with
PEI realized transfection using NRs into cultured cells. Moreover, the cellular uptake of NRs enabled cellular imaging using
light scattering from the NRs. 相似文献
157.
Ziegler showed that the multirestriction of a free arrangement is also free. After Ziegler’s work, several results concerning the “reverse direction”, i.e., characterizing freeness of an arrangement via that of its multirestriction, have appeared. In this paper, we prove a new characterization of freeness in which the second Betti number of the arrangement plays a crucial role. 相似文献
158.
Nurul Asyikeen Ab Mutalib Yi Deng An-Ju Hsueh Koki Kariya Toshiaki Kurihara Hiroaki Suzuki 《Electroanalysis》2021,33(10):2123-2127
The interfacial potential difference on the surface of bipolar electrodes was controlled by placing Ag/AgCl on part of the electrode. Oxygen reduction on the cathodic pole was coupled with an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reaction on the anodic pole. In an open bipolar system, the ECL intensity depended on the location of Ag/AgCl and the concentration of Cl− ions. A current flowed through Ag/AgCl and the ratio of currents generated at the anodic and cathodic poles was affected by the position of Ag/AgCl. Further, the effect of Ag/AgCl placement was also demonstrated in a closed bipolar system using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose as analytes. Ag/AgCl was also effective in adjusting the sensitivity to these analytes to achieve the best performance. This method of interfacial potential control is expected to contribute toward the development of reliable sensing devices and applications such as redox cycling, which require precise potential control. 相似文献
159.
Inagaki K Takatsu A Watanabe T Aoyagi Y Yarita T Okamoto K Chiba K 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,387(7):2325-2334
A new marine sediment certified reference material, NMIJ CRM 7306-a, for butyltin and phenyltin analysis has been prepared
and certified by the National Metrological Institute of Japan at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology (NMIJ/AIST). Candidate sediment material was collected at a bay near industrial activity in Japan. After air-drying,
sieving, and mixing the material was sterilized with γ-ray irradiation. The material was re-mixed and packaged into 250 glass
bottles (15 g each) and these were stored in a freezer at −30 °C. Certification was performed by use of three different types
of species-specific isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (SSID–MS)—SSID–GC–ICP–MS, SSID–GC–MS, and SSID–LC–ICP–MS, with 118Sn-enriched organotin compounds synthesized from 118Sn-enriched metal used as a spike. The 118Sn-enriched mono-butyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and tributyltin (TBT) were synthesized as a mixture whereas the 118Sn-enriched di-phenyltin (DPhT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) were synthesized individually. Four different extraction methods,
mechanical shaking, ultrasonic, microwave-assisted, and pressurized liquid extraction, were adopted to avoid possible analytical
bias caused by non-quantitative extraction and degradation or inter-conversion of analytes in sample preparations. Tropolone
was used as chelating agent in all the extraction methods. Certified values are given for TBT 44±3 μg kg−1 as Sn, DBT 51 ± 2 μg kg−1 as Sn, MBT 67 ± 3 μg kg−1 as Sn, TPhT 6.9 ± 1.2 μg kg−1 as Sn, and DPhT 3.4 ± 1.2 μg kg−1 as Sn. These levels are lower than in other sediment CRMs currently available for analysis of organotin compounds. 相似文献
160.
Daikoku S Ako T Kato R Ohtsuka I Kanie O 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2007,18(10):1873-1879
Glycans, a family of compounds often attached to proteins and ceramides, are diverse molecules involved in a wide range of biological functions. Their structural analysis is necessary and is often carried out at the microscale level. Methods based on mass spectrometry are therefore used, although they do not provide information regarding isomeric structures often found in glycan structures. If one finds "factors" characteristic of a certain isomer, this information can be used to elucidate an unknown oligosaccharide sequence. One potential technique is to use energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS) that has been used to distinguish a pair of isomeric compounds. Thus, compounds in a combinatorial library might be effectively used for this purpose. We analyzed a set of 16 isomeric disaccharides, the structures of which consisted of all possible combinations of anomeric configurations and interglycosidic linkage positions. All of the compounds were distinguished based on ERMS where normal collision-induced dissociation could distinguish only seven compounds. Furthermore, it was shown that alpha-glycosidic linkages of fucose were more reactive than the beta-isomers and the secondary glycosides were more reactive than the primary glycosides. 相似文献