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31.
32.
The photo-excitation and Auger decay processes of inner-shell double vacancy states 1s2s2p^6(1,3^S)3s3p of neutral neon atoms have been studied theoretically. Multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations have been carried out, with electron correlation effects taken into consideration. The relaxation of core and excited orbitals and configuration interaction are found to be crucial to creating the double vacancy states by single photo-absorption. The predominant decay paths for the double vacancy states turn out to be of the LLM Auger decay to 1s 2s^22p^53s(3p), KLL Auger decay to 1s^22s2p^43s3p, and KLM Auger decay to 1s^22p^63s(3p). They lead to further Auger decay, creating the neon ions of multiple charge states. For both double and single vacancy states the spectator type of Auger process is dominated in all the Auger decay processes. Theoretical Anger electron spectra are presented for further investigations, experimental and theoretical.  相似文献   
33.
Double charged pion photoproductions from the deuteron have been studied at Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University. Tagged photon beams in an energy range of 0.67 ≤ E γ ≤ 1.08 GeV were impinged on the liquid deuteron target. Produced charged particles were observed with the Neutral Kaon Spectrometer2 (NKS2). The γ dπ + π ? d process was clearly separated among the three charged tracks. We obtained the photon energy dependence of the normalized yields of this process.  相似文献   
34.
The magnetic structure of the localized-5f uranium intermetallic compound U3Pd20Si6 has been determined by means of a neutron diffraction experiment. Our data demonstrate that this compound has a collinear coupling of the sublattice ordering of the uranium spins on the 4a and 8c sites. We conclude that higher-order exchange and/or quadrupole interactions are necessary to stabilize this unique collinear structure. We discovered a new type of spin-flop transition against the uniaxial anisotropy induced by this collinear coupling.  相似文献   
35.
Many chemical reactions in vivo are self-controlled by fluxes of chemical energy and matter through biological systems, so the induction of such reactions can be governed by changes in the control parameters of the rate equation. A potential of a system is assumed to be given by Gibbs' functionG(T, P, x), which is continuously differentiable, and the rate equation can be derived from the differential (–G/x) of Taylor's expansion ofG (T,P)(x) for the order parameterx, which corresponds to the product number, at around the critical pointC(T C, PC). The equation is described bydx/dt=(x)–k1x–k2x3, andk 2>0. In this equation,k 1 andk 2 are functions of the control parameters, temperatureT and pressureP, andk 1 is allowed to have a positive or negative values as (T, P). Thenk 1 is an important factor that decides the induction conditions of the reactions with a phase transition in the steady statex=0. Because bothk 1 (the transition parameter) andG are the quantity of state, they are given by the total differential, and functions that decideG andk 1 are related to a mutual inverse function. From the above relation, the rate of change ink 1 by G, which corresponds to the reaction energy of the system, is uniquely determined by a function ofk 1, [f(k 1 ± )] andf(k 1 ± ) is described approximately by ±1 k 1 ± in the transient process thatk 1 approaches zero, where 1 implies 1/RT. These results indicate that internal driving forces caused by a stimulus in a system are proportional tok 1 ± and that the system is regulated by competition of the forces. an approximate function fork 1 in the transient process is described by tanh (G/RT) and Arrhenius' law is elucidated from this theory.Decreased January 19, 1992  相似文献   
36.
For a spatial characteristic, there exist commonly fat-tail frequency distributions of fragment-size and -mass of glass, areas enclosed by city roads, and pore size/volume in random packings. In order to give a new analytical approach for the distributions, we consider a simple model which constructs a fractal-like hierarchical network based on random divisions of rectangles. The stochastic process makes a Markov chain and corresponds to directional random walks with splitting into four particles. We derive a combinatorial analytical form and its continuous approximation for the distribution of rectangle areas, and numerically show a good fitting with the actual distribution in the averaging behavior of the divisions.  相似文献   
37.
Immobilization is often associated with decreased muscle elasticity. This condition is known as muscle contracture; however, the mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism governing muscle contracture in rat soleus muscle by identifying changes in ankle joint mobility, insoluble collagen concentration and type I and type III collagen isoforms following 1- and 3-week immobilizations. Following a 1-week immobilization, range of motion (ROM) of dorsiflexion declined to 90% of the control value; additionally, ROM dropped to 67.5% of the control value after a 3-week immobilization. This finding suggested that ankle joint mobility decreases in conjunction with extended periods of immobilization. Insoluble collagen concentration in soleus muscles, which was unchanged after 1 week of immobilization, increased 3 weeks after immobilization. These results may be indicative of collagen fibers with strong intermolecular cross-links contained in the muscle was made increased relatively by 3 weeks of immobilization. Therefore, the change in intermolecular cross-links may be significant in terms of progress of muscle contracture with longer periods of immobilization. On the other hand, the ratio of type III to type I collagen isoforms in muscular tissue increased following a 1-week immobilization; moreover, this ratio remained constant after 3 weeks of immobilization. These data suggested that muscle immobilization may induce type III collagen isoform expression. The increase in the ratio of type III to type I collagen isoforms do not change in parallel with the increase in the limitation in ROM; however, this phenomenon probably is not closely related to the progress of muscle contracture. The change of collagen isoform in immobilized muscle may be involved in the mechanism governing the progression of muscle fibrosis.  相似文献   
38.
RuS2 nanoparticles, smaller than 3 nm in diameter, were prepared by H2S gas injection into the AOT/isooctane reverse micellar solution containing RuCl3 aqueous solution. The nanoparticle size was found to be independent of the Wo (water content) value of the reverse micellar system, as shown by TEM observation. The recovery and immobilization of the RuS2 nanoparticles from reverse micelles onto thiol-modified polystyrene particles (PSt-SH) were successfully carried out, by the addition of PSt-SH into the reverse micellar solution under conditions of mild stirring. The resulting composites, PSt-RuS2, showed photocatalytic activity for H2 generation form aqueous solution containing 2-propanol and Na2SO3 as sacrificial electron donors.  相似文献   
39.
40.
We study the Unruh effect on the dynamics of quarks and mesons in the context of AdS5/CFT4 correspondence. We adopt an AdS5 metric with the boundary Rindler horizon extending into a bulk Rindler-like horizon, which yields the thermodynamics with Unruh temperature verified by computing the boundary stress tensor. We then embed in it a probe fundamental string and a D7 brane in such a way that they become the dual of an accelerated quark and a meson in Minkowski space, respectively. Using the standard procedure of holographic renormalization, we calculate the chiral condensate, and also the spectral functions for both the accelerated quark and meson. Especially, we extract the corresponding strength of random force of the Langevin dynamics and observe that it can characterize the phase transition of meson melting. This result raises an issue toward a formulation of complementarity principle for the Rindler horizon. We find most of the dynamical features are qualitatively similar to the ones in the thermal bath dual to the AdS black hole background, though they could be quite different quantitatively.  相似文献   
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