Direct observation of adduct formation of alkyl and aromatic iodides with cl atoms using cavity ring-down spectroscopy

The reactions of Cl atoms with RI (R = n-C3H7, n-C4H9, cyclo-C6H11, C6H5, C6F5, and p-CH3C6H4) have been studied using cavity ring-down spectroscopy at a temperature range of 233-313 K and at 100 Torr total pressure of N2 diluent. Visible absorption spectra of the RI-Cl adducts were recorded at 440-520 nm at 263 K. The yields of the adducts were temperature-dependent. There was no discernible reaction of the adducts in the presence of 100 Torr of O2 at 263 K. Theoretical calculations were performed for C4H9I-Cl and C6H5I-Cl for quantitative explanation of the absorption spectra and the strength of the I-Cl bonds in the charge-transfer complexes. Evidence for the adduct formation following the reaction of Cl with C6H5Br was sought but not found at 440 and 520 nm.     

Kunzeanones A, B, and C: novel alkylated phloroglucinol metabolites from Kunzea ambigua

Three new metabolites, kunzeanones A (1), B (2), and C (3), along with three known compounds, cryptostrobin (4), (+)-spathulenol (5), and (−)-globulol (6), were isolated from the non-polar fraction of the dried leaves of Kunzea ambigua (Myrtaceae), which shows ichthyotoxicity toward a small fish, medaka. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated as condensates of alkylated phloroglucinol with methylflavanone and germacrane-type sesquiterpene, respectively, on the basis of spectral analyses including 1-D and 2-D NMR spectra. The stereochemistries of kunzeanones A and B were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. A sesquiterpene, (+)-spathulenol (5), among the isolates was characterized as the ichthyotoxic principle of the extract.     

Efficient decoherence-free entanglement distribution over lossy quantum channels

We propose and demonstrate a scheme for boosting the efficiency of entanglement distribution based on a decoherence-free subspace over lossy quantum channels. By using backward propagation of a coherent light, our scheme achieves an entanglement-sharing rate that is proportional to the transmittance T of the quantum channel in spite of encoding qubits in multipartite systems for the decoherence-free subspace. We experimentally show that highly entangled states, which can violate the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality, are distributed at a rate proportional to T.     

The role of the dynamic pressure in stationary heat conduction of a rarefied polyatomic gas

The effect of the dynamic pressure (non-equilibrium pressure) on stationary heat conduction in a rarefied polyatomic gas at rest is elucidated by the theory of extended thermodynamics. It is shown that this effect is observable in a non-polytropic gas. Numerical studies are presented for a para-hydrogen gas as a typical example.     

Sonochemically synthesized core-shell structured Au–Pd nanoparticles supported on γ-Fe2O3 particles

A sample of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles supported on γ-Fe₂O₃ was synthesized in a sonochemically one-pot process. The structural analyses of the synthesized sample were performed by the techniques of X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis spectrometry. Results indicated that the synthesized sample formed a core-shell structure in which a gold core was surrounded by a thin palladium shell. The reaction rate constant for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene of the present sample showed higher value than that of Pd nanoparticles supported on γ-Fe₂O₃ and core-shell structured Au–Pd nanoparticles supported on SiO₂. The present sample is a promising catalyst material which has a high catalytic activity.     

Quasi-classical limit of Toda hierarchy andW-infinity symmetries

Previous results on quasi-classical limit of the KP hierarchy and itsW-infinity symmetries are extended to the Toda hierarchy. The Planck constant now emerges as the spacing unit of difference operators in the Lax formalism. Basic notions, such as dressing operators, Baker-Akhiezer functions, and tau function, are redefined.W _{1 +} symmetries of the Toda hierarchy are realized by suitable rescaling of the Date-Jimbo-Kashiara-Miwa vertex operators. These symmetries are contracted tow _{1 +} symmetries of the dispersionless hierarchy through their action on the tau function.     

Traffic dispersion induced by noise in off-lattice model

We study the dispersion of vehicles induced by speed fluctuation on a single-lane highway under open boundary. We extend the cellular automaton model on one-dimensional lattice to the real-variable model on off-lattice (continuous-in space model) in order to take into account the fluctuation of vehicular speed. Vehicles extend over the highway when moving forward. The characteristics of traffic dispersion are derived. It is shown that vehicular traffic exhibits scaling property. When a vehicle accelerates for following the vehicle ahead, vehicles move forming a cluster without dispersion. The relationship between the width of vehicular cluster and acceleration rate is clarified.     

Growth of large La2−xSrxCuO4 single crystals using tilting-mirror-type infrared heating image furnace

Large single crystals of La_2−xSr_xCuO₄ (LSCO) high-T_c superconductors were grown by the infrared heating floating zone (IR-FZ) method using a tilting-mirror-type image furnace. The maximum diameter of the LSCO crystals increased to 10 mm in the tilting-mirror-type image furnace from 6 mm in the conventional image furnace. CuO rich feeds were required for the crystal growth using the tilting-mirror-type image furnace to compensate for the lack of CuO caused by the significant evaporation of CuO during the growth. The evaporation of CuO was affected by the tilting angle of the mirrors of the image furnace and by feed diameter. The optimized growth conditions were as follows: mirror tilting angle, 20°; feed diameter, 10 mm∅; and feed composition 50.7 mol% CuO.     

Real Time and Full-range Complex Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

High speed complex full-range Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is demonstrated. This FD-OCT requires only a single A-scan for each single transversal position for full-range Fourier domain optical coherence tomography. The Fourier transform method is applied along the direction of the B-scan to reconstruct complex spectra, and the complex spectra compose a full-range OCT image.