Transition of chaotic motion to a limit cycle by intervention of economic policy: an empirical analysis in agriculture

This paper investigates the transition of dynamics observed in an actual real agricultural economic dataset. Lyapunov spectrum analysis is conducted on the data to distinguish deterministic chaos and the limit cycle. Chaotic and periodic oscillation were identified before and after the second oil crisis, respectively. The statitonarity of the time series is investigated using recurrence plots. This shows that government intervention might reduce market instability by removing a chaotic market's long-term unpredictability.     

Role of water in complexation of 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-6) with Li+ and K+ in hydrophobic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ionic liquid

Complexation characteristics of 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-6, 18C6) with Li⁺ and K⁺ in a hydrophobic ionic liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide under dry and humid conditions at 298.2 K were studied by ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts. The comparison of the ¹H and ¹³C chemical shifts of 18C6 molecule between the dry and humid IL solutions without the alkali metal ions showed that uncomplexed 18C6 molecules are solvated by water molecules in the humid ionic liquid solution. The changes in the ¹H and ¹³C chemical shifts of 18C6 ligand molecule with the increases in the Li⁺ and K⁺ concentrations revealed that in both dry and humid ionic liquid solutions 18C6 molecule forms 1:1 complexes with Li⁺ and K⁺. The ¹H NMR data of water molecules in the humid ionic liquid solutions demonstrated that water molecules interact with Li⁺-18C6 complexes and free Li⁺, but do not with K⁺-18C6 complexes and free K⁺. The mechanisms of the formation of the Li⁺ and K⁺ complexes in the humid ionic liquid solution are different from each other due to the differences in the complex-water interactions.     

Experimental Investigations of Discrepancies in Three-Nucleon Reactions

Experiments on pd scattering, pd capture and pd breakup performed by our Kyushu University group since 1988 are reviewed. Various discrepancies between the experimental results and 3N Faddeev calculations have been found, and systematical measurements of the discrepancies have been made. From discrepancies in pd scattering cross section and in 3N binding energy, 2π-exchange 3N force was determined, and the discrepancies were satisfactorily diminished. There are, however, still many discrepancies awaiting theoretical investigation, as described in this report.     

Atomic resolution STM observation of the Bi---O surface of yttrium substituted Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy single crystals

We first examined Bi---O surfaces of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_y single crystals, whose Ca sites were substituted by Y ions, using an ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (UHV-STM). Atomic resolution surface images were obtained for both the unsubstituted superconducting crystals and non-superconducting crystals, whose 60% Ca sites were substituted by Y ions. We found a lot of unperiodic disorder in the surface structure of the Y substituted crystal. The disorder seems to be caused by the random distribution of the Y ions.     

Aggregation of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate in water and benzene studied by SANS and 1H NMR

Aggregation of imidazolium-based ionic liquid, C(12)mim(+)NO(3)(-), in both polar solvent of water and nonpolar solvent of benzene was elucidated by electrical conductivity, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and (1)H NMR measurements. The electrical conductivities of C(12)mim(+)NO(3)(-)-water solutions at 298 K as a function of ionic liquid concentration showed a break point at 8.4 mmol dm(-3) as a cmc. However, those of C(12)mim(+)NO(3)(-)-benzene solutions drastically increase in accordance with a cubic function of concentration, but without a break point. The SANS profiles of both aqueous and benzene solutions obviously differ from each other. The profiles of the aqueous solutions indicated the formation of polydisperse spherical micelles. Those of the benzene solutions revealed Ornstein-Zernike behavior. Thus, C(12)mim(+)NO(3)(-) forms clusters in the benzene solutions, but the shape of clusters is indefinite. On the basis of the (1)H NMR chemical shifts of the aqueous solutions, the effect of nitrate on the formation of micelles was discussed on a microscopic scale. Furthermore, the interactions among C(12)mim(+), NO(3)(-), and benzene molecules in the benzene solutions were considered according to the (1)H NMR data.     

Recent Few-Nucleon Experiments and Discrepancies to be Solved

After ππ-exchange three-nucleon force (ππ3NF) was found in 1998, many experiments were made on 3N reactions and discrepancies between experiments and calculations with ππ3NF were reported. Origins of these remaining discrepancies have not been found yet. We briefly review experiments and the discrepancies in Nd scattering, Nd breakup and pd capture at intermediate energy, and review also recent systematic investigation on Space-Star anomaly and Quasi-Free Scattering anomaly in pd breakup at low energy.     

FORMATION OF INTRAMOLECULAR EXCIMER IN ARYL PHOSPHATES AND THEIR REACTIVITIES

The fluorescence spectra of bis(4-methoxyphenyl) hydrogen phosphate and tris(4-meth-oxyphenyl) phosphate showed two emission bands. A longwavelength emission band arose from the intramolecular excimer of two 4-methoxyphenyl groups and a short band arose from a 4-methoxyphenyl group itself. There was a good correlation between the relative intensity of the monomer/excimer emissions and the quantum yield of 4,4′-dimethoxybiphenyl, which was an intramolecular coupling product.     

Analysis of a Japan government intervention on the domestic agriculture market

We investigate an economic system in which one large agent—the Japan government changes the environment of numerous smaller agents—the Japan agriculture producers by indirect regulation of prices of agriculture goods. The reason for this intervention was that before the oil crisis in 1974 Japan agriculture production prices exhibited irregular and large amplitude changes. By means of analysis of correlations and a combination of singular spectrum analysis (SSA), principal component analysis (PCA), and time delay phase space construction (TDPSC) we study the influence of the government measures on the domestic piglet prices and production in Japan. We show that the government regulation politics was successful and lead: (i) to a decrease of the nonstationarities and to increase of predictability of the piglet price; (ii) to a coupling of the price and production cycles; and (iii) to increase of determinism of the dynamics of the fluctuations of piglet price around the year average price. The investigated case is an example confirming the thesis that a large agent can change in a significant way the environment of the small agents in complex (economic or financial) systems which can be crucial for their survival or extinction.