Effect of electropolymerization duration on the structure and performance of polypyrrole/graphene nanoplatelet counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Despite their potential for use as a low-cost energy-conversion device, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have not been widely utilized because they apply...     

Thermal decomposition product of 1,2-bis(2-methyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene

1,2-Bis(2-methyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene shows photochromism in n-hexane at room temperature. We have identified a new compound produced by the thermal decomposition in a mixture of cis- and trans-decahydronaphthalene above 100?°C in the absence of light.     

Sodium D2 resonance radiation in single-pass sum-frequency generation with actively mode-locked Nd:YAG lasers

We report on a sodium D(2) resonance coherent light source achieved in single-pass sum-frequency generation in periodically poled MgO-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate with actively mode-locked Nd:YAG lasers. Mode-locked pulses at 1064 and 1319 nm are synchronized with a time resolution of 37 ps with the phase adjustment of the radio frequencies fed to acousto-optic mode lockers. An output power of 4.6 W at 589.1586 nm is obtained, and beam quality near the diffraction limit is also achieved in a simple design.     

Three-component coupling of arynes, aminosilanes, and aldehydes

A three-component coupling of arynes, aminosilanes, and aldehydes enables diverse amino and hydroxymethyl groups to be incorporated directly into 1,2-positions of aromatic rings.     

Straightforward construction of diarylmethane skeletons via aryne insertion into carbon-carbon sigma-bonds

Two molar amounts of arynes were found to couple with nitriles via carbon-carbon sigma-bond cleavage, assembling diverse diarylmethane skeletons in a straightforward manner.     

A new method for disintegration studies of rapid disintegrating tablet

The aim of this study was to develop a simple and suitable disintegration method specific for rapid disintegrating tablets (RDTs). The new disintegration method that we propose employs a rotary shaft to exert mechanical pressure on the RDT. To assess our method, we manufactured several placebo RDTs and exposed them to severe storage conditions (60 degrees C/75%RH for 1 week) in order to obtain RDTs with a wide range of disintegration times. These placebo RDTs were utilized to compare the disintegration times obtained by several methods, including the proposed method. As expected, the disintegration time of the placebo RDTs in human sensory test varied widely. The disintegration times determined by the conventional disintegration test were in good correlation to those in human sensory test, but the slope was far from 1 (0.241). There was no correlation between the disintegration time of RDTs in human sensory test and those determined by the conventional dissolution test. In contrast, we acquired good correlation between the disintegration times obtained with the new method and those in human sensory test, and the slope was very close to 1 (0.858). We attribute this to the use of mechanical stress in the new method, similar to that the RDT is subject to in the oral cavity. We therefore concluded that the proposed method was suitable for the measurement of the disintegration time of RDTs. This new method might provide a valuable approach for the establishment of the official disintegration test for RDTs in the future.     

The Effect of Start-Up Conditions on Deactivation of Hydrotreating Catalyst for Heavy Residue with High Asphaltene Content

This article describes a pilot plant test, which was carried out to examine the effect of start-up operation conditions on catalytic performance in the commercial hydrotreating equipment. From the simulated several pilot tests, it was found that the operation conditions of this commercial equipment were very severe and the hydrogen supply to the catalyst active site was critical. When the heavy residue containing large amount of asphaltene was supplied at the start of run (SOR) in the commercial equipment, the permanent adsorption of carbonaceous deposit on the active site should cause leading the catalyst deactivation.     

Radiation damage in Si1−x Ge x heteroepitaxial devices

Results are presented of an extended study on the induced lattice defects and their effects on the degradation of Si_1−x Ge _x devices, subjected to a 20 MeV alpha-ray, 1 MeV electron, 1 MeV fast neutron, and 20 and 86 MeV proton irradiations. The degradation of the electrical device performance increase with increasing fluence, while it decreases with increasing germanium content. In the Si_1−x Ge _x epitaxial layers, electron capture levels associated with an interstitial-substitutional boron complex are induced. The radiation source dependence of performance degradation is attributed to the difference of mass and the probability of nuclear collision for the formation of lattice defects.     

Evidence of two dimensionality in quasi-one-dimensional cobalt oxides

The quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) cobalt oxides A(N + 2)Co(n + 1)O(3n + 3) (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba, n = 1 - infinity) were investigated by muon-spin spectroscopy under applied pressures of up to 1.1 GPa. The relationship between the onset Néel temperature T(on)(N) and the interchain distance (d(ic)), which increases monotonically with n, is well fitted by the formula T(N)/T(N,0) = (1 - d(ic)/d(ic,o)(beta), here for T(on)(N) approximately 100 K for Ca(3)Co(2)O(6) (n = 1) and approximately 15 for BaCoCoO(3) (n = infinity at ambient P. The T(on)(N) - d(ic) curve also predicts a large dependence of Y(N) for the compounds with n > or = 5, i.e., in the vicinity of , while the compounds show only a very small effect. Indeed, our high-pressure mu(+) results show that of BaCoO(3) is enhanced by with a slope of 2.2 K(Gpa), whereas no detectable changes by P for both Ca(3)Co(2)O(6) and Sr(4)Co(3)O(9) (n = 2). This clearly confirms the role of the 2D-antiferromagnetic interaction on T(on)(N) in the Q1D cobalt oxides.