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61.
Volume Contents
Contents of Volume 26 (2004) 相似文献62.
The paper presents the method of the three-dimensional reconstruction of biological objects' internal structure heterogeneity based on the ultrasonic examination of a woman's breast biopsy phantom. The phantom is made of quasi-homogeneous dense gel in which drops of lesions, characterized by fixed sizes and two different acoustic impedances, were dipped at random. For the purpose of this research a special measurement setup was elaborated, enabling a non-invasive in vitro imaging of biological objects' internal structure in cross-sections for fixed levels, by means of ultrasound transmission tomography (UTT) using the parallel-ray projection geometry of scanning. The two-dimensional images of the local values of ultrasonic wave's propagation velocity in the phantom's internal structure (ultrasonic tomograms) were reconstructed for fixed levels (by using the convolution and back-projection algorithm) from the measurements of average values of ultrasonic signals' runtime propagated from many directions around the object dipped in water. Analyzing the values of particular pixels and using an appropriate image processing technique, in effect the three-dimensional image of heterogeneity boundaries in the examined phantom's internal structure was computer-reconstructed. The obtained results are compatible with the specification provided by the phantom's producer in terms of sizes and acoustic parameters of lesions, which can simulate pathological changes and of the gel imitating the healthy tissue. It means that the method presented, after an appropriate modification and development of the measurement setup with an aim to accelerate the object scanning process and thus provide an opportunity for non-invasive in vivo examinations, could be applied for detecting and diagnosing tumors in women's breasts. 相似文献
63.
Nelson ML Ismail MY McIntyre L Bhatia B Viski P Hawkins P Rennie G Andorsky D Messersmith D Stapleton K Dumornay J Sheahan P Verma AK Warchol T Levy SB 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2003,68(15):5838-5851
A diverse collection of tetracycline derivatives has been synthesized utilizing Heck, Suzuki, and other palladium-coupling reactions via tetracycline arenediazonium and iodoarene salts. Large numbers of tetracyclines are now possible via these reactions, including numerous upper periphery derivatives of doxycycline, minocycline, sancycline, and methacycline modified at positions C7, C9, and C6-C13 on the tetracycline naphthacene ring. Application of palladium-coupling reactions to the tetracyclines has yielded new tetracycline classes with differing structural attributes, greatly increasing the structural diversity of this family of antibiotics, one of the last of the early antibiotic families to be expanded by organic and medicinal chemistry. 相似文献
64.
The method of quasilinearization is a procedure for obtaining approximate solutions of differential equations. In this paper, this technique is applied to a differential-algebraic problem. Under some natural assumptions, monotone sequences converge quadratically to a unique solution of our problem. 相似文献
65.
66.
The reaction products of Co(II)-2,3- and -2,5-dichlorobenzoate with imidazole (1, 2; CoL 2⋯2imdċ2H2O, L=C7H3Cl2O, imd=imidazole) were characterized by their spectroscopic and thermochemical properties. The compounds crystallize in the monoclonic system with space group = P21/c, a=13.848(3), b=12.841(3) ?, c= 7.064(2) ?, β=98.12 °, V=1243.5(4) ?3, Z=2 for 1 and space group =P21/n, a=13.293(3), b= 6.964(2), c=13.800(3) ?, β=108.92(3) °, V=1208.6(4) ?3, Z=2 for 2. The complexes lose their crystal water in one step at 333 K and subsequently decompose to CoO with intermediate formation of Co3O4. 相似文献
67.
Krystyna Wejroch Jerzy Lange Anna Kielak Janina Karolak‐Wojciechowska Jacek Sonicki Tadeusz Jagodziski 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2001,38(4):877-884
Bis(ethoxycarbonyl)alkylidene derivatives 4 and 5 of the respective title hydrazones were obtained in the reactions with diethyl oxomalonate, diethyl oxosuccinate, diethyl 2‐oxoglutarate, and diethyl oxalo‐propionate as mixtures of geometric isomers with high predominance of one of them. On heating at 160‐200° without any solvent or on refluxing in ethanol 4 cyclized to yield the corresponding pyri‐dazino[6, 1‐c]triazines 6 , whereas heating of 5 gave, depending on the chain length, the corresponding pyra‐zolylpyridazines 8b and 8d or the pyridazinylpyridazine 8c . X‐ray analysis was used to determine the structures of 6 and 8 ; the unit cell of 6c was found to accommodate 16 molecules representing four conforma‐tional varieties. The different behavior of 4 and 5 in the cyclization reactions was interpreted in terms of the tautomeric equilibrium which was shifted towards the enamine form in 4 , and towards the imine form, in 5 . Transmission of a long‐range chirality effect in 4d and 5a‐d manifested itself in the 1H nmr spectra as the magnetic non‐equivalence of the CH2 protons in one or both ester ethyl groups. 相似文献
68.
69.
Electrical properties of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>: equilibrium vs dynamic electrical conductivity
The present work reports semiconducting properties of high purity TiO2 determined in the gas/solid equilibrium, as well as during controlled heating and cooling in the range 300–1,273 K. The activation
energy of the electrical conductivity is considered in terms of the activation enthalpy of the formation of ionic defects
and the activation enthalpy of the mobility of electronic defects. These data, determined from the dynamic electrical conductivity
experiments, are compared to the electrical conductivity data determined in equilibrium. It is shown that only the equilibrium
electrical conductivity data for high-purity TiO2 are well defined. It is shown that the activation energy of the electrical conductivity determined in equilibrium differs
substantially from that for the dynamic electrical conductivity data during cooling and heating. It is concluded that the
formation enthalpy term determined from the dynamic conductivity data is determined by the heating/cooling rate rather than
materials’ properties. 相似文献
70.
Tadeusz Oryng 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1928,74(5-6):209-212
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献