In this article, a way to employ the diffusion approximation to model interplay between TCP and UDP flows is presented. In order to control traffic congestion, an environment of IP routers applying AQM (Active Queue Management) algorithms has been introduced. Furthermore, the impact of the fractional controller and its parameters on the transport protocols is investigated. The controller has been elaborated in accordance with the control theory. The TCP and UDP flows are transmitted simultaneously and are mutually independent. Only the TCP is controlled by the AQM algorithm. Our diffusion model allows a single TCP or UDP flow to start or end at any time, which distinguishes it from those previously described in the literature. 相似文献
It is well known that clothes used in sporting activity are a barrier for heat exchange between the environment and athlete, which should help in thermoregulation improvement. However, it is difficult to evaluate which top is best for each athlete according to the characteristics of the sport. Researchers have tried to measure the athlete’s temperature distribution during exercise at the base layers of tops with different approaches. The aim of this case study was to investigate the use of thermography for thermo-active base layer evaluation. Six new base layers were measured on one cyclist volunteer during a progressive training on a cycloergometer. As a control condition, the skin temperature of the same volunteer was registered without any layer with the same training. A training protocol was selected approximate to cycling race, which started from the warm-up stage, next the progressive effort until the race finished and at the end “cool-down” stage was over. In order to show which layer provided the strongest and weakest barrier for heat exchange in comparison with environment, the temperature parameters were taken into consideration. The most important parameter in the studies was the temperature difference between the body and the layers, which was changing during the test time. The studies showed a correlation between the ergometer power parameter and the body temperature changes, which has a strong and significant value. Moreover, the mass of every layer was checked before and after the training to evaluate the mass of the sweat exuded during the test. From this data, the layer mass difference parameter was calculated and taken into consideration as a parameter, which may correspond with the mean heart rate value from each training. A high and positive correlation coefficient was obtained between the average heart rate and the mass difference for the base layers. Thermal analysis seems to have a new potential application in the objective assessment of sports clothing and may help in choosing the proper clothes, which could support heat transfer during exercising and protect the body from overheating.
Ammonium ionic liquids with the 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate anion were synthesized and characterized. Physicochemical properties, such as thermal stability, phase transition temperatures, viscosity, density, refractive index, as well as surface activity and herbicidal activity were determined. Improved physicochemical properties suggest a reduced environmental impact of newly formed group of herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs). HILs with a longer substituent can be characterized with better herbicidal activity in comparison with commercial products. 相似文献
Nonlinear Dynamics - The work is primarily devoted to the peridynamic model elaborated for a solid body made of shape memory alloys (SMAs). The superelasticity effect is taken into consideration as... 相似文献
The title compound (C20H16N2OS2) is monoclinic, witha=7.786(3).,b=13.252(3),c=17.162(4) Å, =99.16(3)° and space groupP21/n. Two quinoline moieties are nearly perpendicular to each other (112.9(2)°). Both methoxy and methylthio groups are trans-orientated with the respect to the C(3)–S(1)–C(13) plane. Two pairs of the heteroatoms in ortho-positions are in very close contact. The conformation of the molecule explains an unusual1H NMR spectrum 相似文献
Four phosphonium rhenates(VII) were prepared and crystallized: (A) 1,2-bis (triphenylphosphonium)ethane rhenate(VII) (Pī,
a=8.298(2), b=10.638(3), c= 11.242(3) ?, α=64.96(2), β=80.49(2), γ=88.17(2)°), (B) methyltriphenylphosphonium rhenate(VII) (Pca21, a=15.096(3), b=12.627(3), c=19.353(3) ?), (C) benzyltriphenylphosphonium rhenate(VII) (Pī, a=9.648(2), b=11.689(2), c=20.806(3) ?, α=88.44(2), β=84.63(2), γ=77.33(3)°), and (D) orthorhombic form of (iodomethyl)triphenylphosphonium rhenate(VII)
(Pca21, a=14.952(3), b=13.120(3), c=20.603(4) ?). Each crystal structure consists of separate phosphonium cations and rhenate(VII) anions. In A centrosymmetric
1,2-bis(triphenylphosphonium)ethane cations form layers perpendicular to [011]. In B the cations are set in chains along [100]
forming layers perpendicular to [001]. In C two symmetrically-independent cations form double columns along [100] and these
columns are arranged in puckered layers perpendicular to [001]. D is almost isomorphous to B. The crystal structures are stabilised
by weak C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds as well as phenyl rings interactions. In all crystal structures supramolecular motifs of phenyl
rings embraces could be distinguished. 相似文献
The title compound (C15H12O2S) is triclinic witha=7.077(10),b=8.825(2),c=11.068(2) Å, =106.66(3)o, Z=2, and space group P. The significant structural features lies in the two carbonyl groups of the thioglyoxylate which are oriented antiperiplanar to each other [–168.2(2)o]. The central C(8)–C(9) bond is 1.553(3) Å. The phenyl rings are twisted with respect to the carbonyl groups. Short contacts are present between S and O(1) [2.652(2) Å] and also between S and O(2) [2.758(2) Å]. 相似文献
Developments in planar electrochromatography in open (PEC) and closed (PPEC) systems are reviewed. The discussion focuses
on progress in chamber construction for planar electrochromatography, separating system performance, equilibration of the
PPEC process, separation time and selectivity, and the general advantages, disadvantages and prospects of this separation
mode.
Presented at the 11th International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment, 9–12 September 2007, Torum, Poland. 相似文献
We provide a simple sufficient criterion to show that a given variety of GBL-algebras does not admit (local) completions.
As corollaries, we obtain that no variety of GBL-algebras containing Chang’s chain, no nontrivial variety of ℓ-groups, nor the variety of product algebras admit completions. The first result strengthens a result of Gehrke and Priestley.
Received August 10, 2006; accepted in final form March 8, 2007. 相似文献