Determination of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in apple extracts by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection

A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in apple tissues has been described. This method is based on the derivatization of ACC with 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (FQ), and separation and quantification of the resulting FQ-ACC derivative by capillary electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). Our results indicated that ACC derivatized with FQ could be well separated from other interfering amino acids using 20 mM borate buffer (pH 9.35) containing 40 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and 10 mM Brij 35. The linearity of ACC was determined in the range from 0.05 to 5 microM with a correlation of 0.9967. The concentration detection limit for ACC was 10 nM (signal-to-noise = 3). The sensitivity and selectivity of this described method allows the analysis of ACC in crude apple extracts without extra purification and enrichment procedure.     

The accuracy of diffusion quantum Monte Carlo simulations in the determination of molecular equilibrium structures

For a test set of 17 first-row small molecules, the equilibrium structures are calculated with Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusion quantum Monte Carlo simulations guiding by trial wave functions constructed from floating spherical Gaussian orbitals and spherical Gaussian geminals. To measure performance of the Monte Carlo calculations, the mean deviation, the mean absolute deviation, the maximum absolute deviation, and the standard deviation of Monte Carlo calculated equilibrium structures with respect to empirical equilibrium structures are given. This approach is found to yield results having a uniformly high quality, being consistent with empirical equilibrium structures and surpassing calculated values from the coupled cluster model with single, double, and noniterative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] with the basis sets of cc-pCVQZ and cc-pVQZ. The nonrelativistic equilibrium atomization energies are also presented to assess performance of the calculated methods. The mean absolute deviations regarding experimental atomization energy are 0.16 and 0.21 kcal/mol for the Monte Carlo and CCSD(T)/cc-pCV(56)Z calculations, respectively.     

Comparative study of Li, Na, and K adsorptions on graphite by using ab initio method

A comprehensive study has been conducted to compare the adsorptions of alkali metals (including Li, Na, and K) on the basal plane of graphite by using molecular orbital theory calculations. All three metal atoms prefer to be adsorbed on the "middle hollow site" above a hexagonal aromatic ring. A novel phenomenon was observed, that is, Na, instead of Li or K, is the weakest among the three types of metal atoms in adsorption. The reason is that the SOMO (single occupied molecular orbital) of the Na atom is exactly at the middle point between the HOMO and the LUMO of the graphite layer in energy level. As a result, the SOMO of Na cannot form a stable interaction with either the HOMO or the LUMO of the graphite. On the other hand, the SOMO of Li and K can form a relatively stable interaction with either the HOMO or the LUMO of graphite. Why Li has a relatively stronger adsorption than K on graphite has also been interpreted on the basis of their molecular-orbital energy levels.     

catena‐Poly­[[heptakis­(di­methyl­form­amide‐κO)­di‐μ4‐oxo‐tetra‐μ3‐oxo‐hexa­deca‐μ2‐oxo‐tetra­oxo­lan­than­um(III)­octamolybdenum(IV)]‐μ‐sodium(I)]

The title compound, [NaLaMo₈O₂₆(C₃H₇NO)₇]_n, contains infinite chains of [Mo₈O₂₆]⁴⁻ units supporting di­methyl­form­amide‐coordinated La^III cations and linked by Na⁺ cations. The lanthanum center adopts a nine‐coordinate geometry and the Na atom is sandwiched between two β‐[Mo₈O₂₆]⁴⁻ units.     

Catalytic wet air oxidation of aromatic compounds: degradation in molybdovanadophosphoric polyoxometalates micellar system under room temperature conditions

Catalytic wet air oxidation process, enable to eliminate organic pollutants with non toxic by-product formation, was investigated in micellar system under room condition. Degradation of a series of aromatic compounds, including aromatic hydrocarbons, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and some N-containing compounds was carried out based on molybdovanadophosphoric polyoxometalates [(C₁₆H₃₃)N(CH₃)₃]_3+x PV _x Mo_12?x O₄₀ (x = 1, 2, 3) catalysts and surfactants. Outstanding results (60–96 % degradation efficiencies) were achieved for most of the tested substrates. And the POM micellar catalysts have an excellent stability and can be used as heterogeneous catalysts for about six times.     

Non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of diosgenin

The thermal stability and kinetics of isothermal decomposition of diosgenin were studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The activation energy of the thermal decomposition process was determined from the analysis of TG curves by the methods of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Doyle, ?atava-?esták and Kissinger, respectively. The mechanism of thermal decomposition was determined to be Avrami-Erofeev equation (n = 1/3, n is the reaction order) with integral form G(α) = [?ln(1 ? α)]^1/3 (α = 0.10–0.80). E _a and logA [s^?1] were determined to be 44.10 kJ mol^?1 and 3.12, respectively. Moreover, the thermodynamics properties of ΔH ^≠, ΔS ^≠, and ΔG ^≠ of this reaction were 38.18 kJ mol^?1, ?199.76 J mol^?1 K^?1, and 164.36 kJ mol^?1 in the stage of thermal decomposition.     

Dissociation of Multisubunit Protein–Ligand Complexes in the Gas Phase. Evidence for Ligand Migration

The results of collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments performed on gaseous protonated and deprotonated ions of complexes of cholera toxin B subunit homopentamer (CTB₅) with the pentasaccharide (β-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-GalpNAc-(1→4)[α-D-Neu5Ac-(2→3)]-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp (GM1)) and corresponding glycosphingolipid (β-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-GalpNAc-(1→4)[α-D-Neu5Ac-(2→3)]-β-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-Cer (GM1-Cer)) ligands, and the homotetramer streptavidin (S₄) with biotin (B) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(biotinyl) (Btl), are reported. The protonated (CTB₅ + 5GM1)ⁿ⁺ ions dissociated predominantly by the loss of a single subunit, with the concomitant migration of ligand to another subunit. The simultaneous loss of ligand and subunit was observed as a minor pathway. In contrast, the deprotonated (CTB₅ + 5GM1)^n- ions dissociated preferentially by the loss of deprotonated ligand; the loss of ligand-bound and ligand-free subunit were minor pathways. The presence of ceramide (Cer) promoted ligand migration and the loss of subunit. The main dissociation pathway for the protonated and deprotonated (S₄ + 4B)^n+/– ions, as well as for deprotonated (S₄ + 4Btl)^n– ions, was loss of the ligand. However, subunit loss from the (S₄ + 4B)ⁿ⁺ ions was observed as a minor pathway. The (S₄ + 4Btl)ⁿ⁺ ions dissociated predominantly by the loss of free and ligand-bound subunit. The charge state of the complex and the collision energy were found to have little effect on the relative contribution of the different dissociation channels. Thermally-driven ligand migration between subunits was captured in the results of molecular dynamics simulations performed on protonated (CTB₅ + 5GM1)¹⁵⁺ ions (with a range of charge configurations) at 800 K. Notably, the migration pathway was found to be highly dependent on the charge configuration of the ion. The main conclusion of this study is that the dissociation pathways of multisubunit protein–ligand complexes in the gas phase depend, not only on the native topology of the complex, but also on structural changes that occur upon collisional activation.

流化催化裂化再生过程NO_x控制技术研究进展

根据流化催化裂化(FCC)再生过程中NOx的生成机理和特点,FCC再生过程中NOx控制技术主要包括FCC原料预处理与改变工艺参数、脱NOx添加剂和FCC再生烟气脱硝3种。本文综合分析了FCC再生过程NOx控制技术原理、工艺流程及特点,在现有技术的基础上,以"以废治污"为指导思想,提出了利用粉煤灰制备脱硝催化剂,构建了原位催化还原与烟气返回耦合降低FCC再生过程NOx排放新工艺,开辟了粉煤灰资源化利用新途径,为开发FCC再生过程中NOx污染控制技术提供科学理论指导。     

单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备及影响因素研究

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散剂，无水乙醇为反应介质，偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂，采用分散聚合工艺，通过优化反应条件，制备出了粒径为5μm单分散（分散系数≤5％）聚苯乙烯微球。所制备的聚苯乙烯微球标准偏差δ＝0．16μm，分散系数ε＝0．02，且具有良好的球形度，表面非常光滑，无破损，无缺损。对影响单分散聚苯乙烯微球的因素进行了研究，结果表明：随着分散稳定剂用量的增加，聚苯乙烯微球的粒径减小；随着单体和引发剂用量的增加，聚苯乙烯微球的粒径增大。分散稳定剂和单体用量是影响聚苯乙烯微球粒径分布的两个主要因素。