食品中化学性有害物的质谱软电离裂解规律及筛查技术研究进展

食品中化学性有害物是导致食品安全问题的重要原因，质谱是对食品中化学性有害物进行定性定量分析的有效方法。该文按照化合物结构类别，综述了食品中重要化学性有害物的质谱软电离裂解机理，包括农药、兽药、真菌毒素，以及其他化学污染物。对于每类化合物，重点综述化合物质谱裂解产生的特征碎片、中性丢失等，以及这些质谱软电离裂解机理在食品中化学性有害物筛查及发现中的应用。研究化合物的质谱裂解机理可以帮助研究者对化合物进行结构解析和结构确证，为食品中同类结构新型化学性有害物的发掘提供理论依据。     

锆助剂对低温液相合成甲醇用铜铬硅催化剂性能的影响

考察了含锆的铜铬硅催化剂低温液相合成甲醇性能，并进行了BET、TPR-H2、TPD-H2、TPD-CO、XRD和XPS表征。结果表明，锆作为结构助剂及电子助剂对催化剂在低温液相合成甲醇反应中具有显著的促进作用，反应活性可提高32.25 ％。锆助剂能有效提高催化剂的比表面积，促进催化剂中铜铬组分的分散及表面富集。ZrO2加入在催化剂表面产生的Cu+与催化活性的改善密切相关，Zr4+、Cr3+、Cu+可形成复合中心，为价态的稳定性提供微环境，在H2活化及C O键的断裂等反应步骤中起重要作用。     

二氯化二(N-甲基-N′-苄基-乙二胺)(二水)合镍的合成及其与瓜环相互作用的研究

以氯化镍与N-甲基-N′-苄基-乙二胺(NMEA)反应合成了配合物二氯化二(N-甲基-N′-苄基-乙二胺)二水合镍([Ni(NMEA)₂·(H₂O)₂]·Cl₂)。利用元素分析、IR光谱、NMR对其结构进行了表征。通过1H NMR和UV-Vis光谱研究了该配合物与六、七、八元瓜环的相互作用，并且考察了其动力学行为。结果表明六、七元瓜环与配合物能形成物质的量比为2∶1的超分子结构，而八元环与配合物的作用则具有不同的模式。     

PNPP Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Manganese(III) Complexes with Crowned Salicylaldimine Schiff Base Ligand

Four manganese(III) complexes (MnL¹Cl, MnL²Cl, MnL⁴₂Cl, MnL⁵₂Cl) with a crowned salicylaldimine Schiff base ligand have been synthesized and employed as models to mimic hydrolase in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP). The kinetics and mechanism of catalytic PNPP hydrolysis have been investigated. The kinetic mathematical model of PNPP cleavage catalyzed by these complexes has been proposed. The effects of the ligand structure and crown ether ring in complexes, and the reactive temperature on the rate of catalytic PNPP hydrolysis have been also examined. The results show that compared with the crown-free analogous MnL³Cl and MnL⁶₂Cl, the crowned Schiff base manganese(III) complexes, MnL¹Cl, MnL²Cl, MnL⁴₂Cl and MnL⁵₂Cl, exhibit more high catalytic activity, which follow the order: MnL¹Cl >MnL²Cl >MnL⁴₂Cl >MnL⁵₂Cl >MnL³Cl >MnL⁶₂Cl; the pseudo-first-order-rate (k_obs) for the PNPP hydrolysis catalyzed by the complex MnL¹Cl containing three crown ether rings is highest among six complexes and is 1.81 times that of MnL³Cl, 1.49 × 10³ times that of spontaneous hydrolysis of PNPP, respectively, at pH = 7.00, [S] = 2.0 × 10⁻⁴ mol dm⁻³.     

Chiral separation based on ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using a copper(II)-L-ornithine ternary complex as selector

A ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis was explored, with L-ornithine as the ligand and copper(II) as the central ion. Its applicability was demonstrated with underivatized and dansyl amino acids, a dipeptide, and drugs with amino alcohol structure. The enantioselectivity was found to be strongly dependent on pH and copper(II)-L-Orn complex concentration. Due to the adsorption of the positively charged species onto the capillary inner walls, the chiral separation selectivity is very high while the efficiency is relatively low. Permanent 1,3-propanediamine-coated capillaries show an improved separation efficiency and theoretical plate numbers increasing from 10(4) to 10(5). Similar phenomena were observed when sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles were added to the copper(II) complex solution. The poor separation efficiency of chiral compounds in uncoated capillaries may result from the low rate of the ligand-exchange reactions, and the high enantioselectivity may derive from the complexing process in the adsorbed phase.     

Multistep purification of an antifreeze protein from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are known as thermal hysteresis proteins, which can depress the freezing points of the solution by noncolligative effects, but do not affect the melting points. Although some AFPs have been found in some plants, the identity of most proteins remains unclear, owing to insufficient quantity and quality to characterize them. In this report, we describe the purification of an AFP from the winter leaves of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus using a combination of column chromatography and gel electrophoresis. After homogenization in ascorbate-acid-containing Tris buffers (pH 7.4) the soluble proteins are captured by (diethylamino)ethyl-cellulose 52 material. An elution with 0.1-0.3M KCl leads to a crude active fraction. The crude fraction is further purified on a Superdex 75 prep-grade column and finally a Poros 20HP2 column. A complex, consisting of two proteins with relative molecular masses of 34,700 and 37,100, respectively, in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, is obtained by this protein purification protocol. The recovery of two proteins from the gel is carried out by electrophoresis. The purified protein, with a molecular mass of 37,100, shows thermal hysteresis activity (THA) and can modify the normal growth of ice crystals. The THA of this purified antifreeze protein is 0.24 degrees C at the concentration of 5 mg/mL.     

交联壳聚糖在痕量钨(Ⅵ)分析中的应用

提出了用交联壳聚糖（CCTS）预富集、分光光度法测定痕量钨的新方法。研究了CCTS对钨（Ⅵ）的吸附行为，结果表明：在pH=4.5的条件下，交联壳聚糖对钨（Ⅵ）的吸附率最大，可达96％。考察了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、样品体积以及共存元素对吸附率的影响，探讨了吸附机理。方法的检出限（3σ）为0．65μg/L，相对标准偏差（RSD）小于0．75％（n=6),富集倍数为20倍。用于温泉水和海水中痕量钨的测定，结果满意。     

Synthesis and Catalytic Application of Homo-bimetallic Metallocene Complexes as Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts

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Effect of La2O3／γ—Al2O3 Catalyst on the Activation of CH4 and CO2 to C2 Hydrocarbons under Non—equilibrium Plasma

In the reaction of methane and carbon dioxide to C2 hydrocabons under non-equilibrium plasma, methane conversion was decreased,but selectivity of C2 hydroxarbons was increased when using La2O3/γ-Al2O3 as catalyst. So the yield of C2 hydrocarbons was higher than using plasma alone. The synergism of La2O3/γ-Al2O3 and plasma gave methane conversion of 24.9% and C2 yield of 18.1%. The distribution of C2 hydrocarbons changed when Pd-La2O3/γ-Al2O3 was used as catalyst,the major C2 product was ethylene.     

Intramolecular Alkyne Coupling in the Reaction of 1,8-bis(phenylethynyl)naphthalene with Pt2Ru4(CO)18

The reaction of Pt₂Ru₄(CO)₁₈, 1 with 1,8-bis(phenylethynyl)naphthalene, 2 has yielded two metal carbonyl cluster complexes: Ru₂(CO)₆[- ²-C₁₀H₆C₄Ph₂], 3 (60% yield) and Ru₂Pt(CO)₆[- ²-C₁₀H₆C₄Ph₂]₂, 4 (8% yield). Both compounds were characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Both products were formed as a result of fragmentation of the Pt₂Ru₄ cluster of 1. Compound 3 contains two ruthenium atoms. They are bridged by a tricyclic C₁₀H₆C₄Ph₂ ligand formed by the coupling of the two -carbon atoms of the alkyne groups. The -carbon atoms of the alkynes are -bonded to one of the ruthenium atoms to form a metallacycle and this entire group is -bonded to the second ruthenium atom. Compound 4 contains two ruthenium atoms with a platinum atom between them. This molecule contains two tricyclic C₁₀H₆C₄Ph₂ ligands similar to that in 3, and two metallacycles formed by coordination of the -carbon atoms of both ligands to the platinum atom. One ligand is -bonded to each of the ruthenium atoms.