Analysis of ultrasonic guided waves propagating in long bones and cortical thickness based on time-frequency methods

The ultrasonic signals in long bones contain multiple guided modes which are mutual superposed.The velocities of guided waves in long bones are very sensitive to cortical thickness (CTh).In this paper,Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) was proposed to analyze multi-mode guided waves,which can decompose superposed waves into many independent modes.Then the group velocity of each mode was obtained at corresponding frequency,which was compared with the results of short time Fourier transform(STFT).The CTh was also obtained by comparing with the theoretical calculation.The results showed that the experimental determined thickness was in agreement with the actual CTh,indicating that measuring the velocity of the guided mode can be used to estimate the CTh.The HHT is an effective method to identify multimode guided waves.     

基于主成分分析的光谱重建训练样本选择方法研究

训练样本构成是影响光谱重建精度的一个重要因素,针对学习型光谱重建算法中训练样本选择问题,提出了一种基于主成分分析的训练样本选择方法。为了保证训练样本与重建样本的相似度,首先根据欧式距离最小原则从待选样本集中选择与重建样本相机响应值相似的样本,并去掉其中的重复样本;然后进行主成分分析;设定阈值筛选各主成分系数较大的样本作为训练样本,最后得到与主成分个数相同的训练样本子集。为验证该方法的有效性,通过在镜头前加载宽带滤色片搭建多通道图像获取系统采集多通道图像信息,将得到的各样本子集用作训练样本,利用伪逆法重建光谱信息,最后将重建的光谱精度与常用的训练样本及训练样本选择方法得到的重建光谱精度进行比较。实验结果表明：提出的方法显著提高了光谱重建的色度精度和光谱精度,优于常用的样本选择方法,能较大程度满足高精度颜色复制要求。     

基于时频分布的盲信号分离方法研究长骨中的多模式导波信号

由于超声导波对长骨皮质骨的材料特性及厚度变化非常敏感,因此用导波评价长骨状况的研究已成为近年来的一个研究热点。在接收到的导波中,往往多种模式混叠在一起,使得进一步求取每种导波模式的群速度等与骨质状况密切相关的参数时遇到困难。本文采用基于时频分布的盲信号分离(TFBSS)方法对长骨中混叠的多模式进行分离,然后对分离后的单一导波模式求取群速度。研究结果表明TFBSS方法能够准确的分离出混叠的多模式导波,且实验测量的群速度与其理论值吻合。利用导波的群速度就可以得到长骨皮质骨的厚度,这对诊断其骨质状况具有重要意义。     

基于加权mean-shift可见光/红外双通道目标跟踪

为提高目标亮度突变时的跟踪性能,在每一帧进行目标跟踪时,首先提取可见光图像的颜色特征,红外图像的垂直投影图像和水平投影图像特征,然后利用可见光/红外各自通道的Bhattacharyya系数计算该通道的权值,并对加权mean-shift双通道跟踪方法进行了推导,提出了基于加权mean-shift可见光/红外双通道目标跟踪算法.该方法使前后两帧目标相似度大的通道取大的权值,从而达到有效利用各通道有利信息、提高跟踪性能的目的.实验表明,用本文提出的算法进行可见光/红外双通道目标跟踪时,与基于mean-shift单通道(可见光或红外)目标跟踪算法相比,可提高目标跟踪的准确度,特别是当目标进入树荫区域,引起目标亮度发生显著变化时,跟踪性能基本不受影响.     

Effect of selected signals of interest on ultrasonic backscattering measurement in cancellous bones

This study examined how the signals of interest (SOI) effect on the backscattering measurement numerically based on 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. High resolution microstructure mappings of bovine cancellous bones provided by micro-CT were used as the input geometry for simulations. Backscatter coefficient (BSC), integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) and apparent integrated backscatter (AIB) were calculated with changing the start (L1) and duration (L2) of the SOI. The results demonstrated that BSC and IBC decrease as L1 increases, and AIB decreases more rapidly as L1 increases. The backscattering parameters increase with fluctuations as a function of L2 when L2 is less than 6 mm. However, BSC and IBC change little as L2 continues to increase, while AIB slowly decreases as L2 continues to increase. The results showed how the selections of the SOI effect on the backscattering measurement. An explicit standard for SOI selection was proposed in this study and short L1 (about 1.5 mm) and appropriate L2 (6 mm-12 mm) were recommended for the calculations of backscattering parameters.     

具有不同临界电流的Bi2223/Ag多芯超导带材的自场损耗和交流电流电压特性

对具有不同临界电流的Ｂｉ２２２３／Ａｇ多芯超导材的交流电流电压特性进行了测量和评价,当传输电流的有效值Ｉｎｎｓ小于临界电流Ｉｃ时,交流电压的大小与传输电流的频率成正比;但Ｉｎｎｓ接近临界电流时,不同频率所对应的交流电压的大小之间的差别减小了,所有的曲线都汇聚成一条曲线,传输电流的频率分别为４０Ｈｚ,６０Ｈｚ,８０Ｈｚ,２００Ｈｚ及３００Ｈｚ时,我们测量了交变传输电流在Ｂｉ２２２３／Ａｇ带材中产生的自场损耗。结果表明当传输电流的频率较低时,实验结果与基于Ｂｅａｎ模型的Ｎｏｒｒｉｓ方程预期的结果一致;另外,实验结果表明存在一个电流Ｉ′,它的值小于任何一个样品的临界电流,本实验中Ｉ′的值是１０安培,在传输相同大小的电流Ｉｎｎ且Ｉｎｎｓ〈Ｉ′时,Ｂｏｉ２２２３／Ａｇ带材的交流损耗与它的临界电流成正比;但当Ｉｎｎｓ〉Ｉ′     

Multiscale expansions in discrete world

In this paper, we show the attainability of KdV equation from some types of nonlinear Schrödinger equation by using multiscale expansions discretely. The power of this manageable method is confirmed by applying it to two selected nonlinear Schrödinger evolution equations. This approach can also be applied to other nonlinear discrete evolution equations. All the computations have been made with Maple computer packet program.     

示波器观测动态磁滞回线实验中曲线描绘浅析

给出了示波器观测铁磁材料物质磁滞回线的基本原理,针对实验中常见的错误,介绍了如何选取合理的数据并快速描绘磁滞回线的技巧。     

Effect of trabecular bone material properties on ultrasonic backscattering signals

In this study, ultrasonic backscattering signals in cancellous bones were obtained by finite difference time domain （FDTD） simulations, and the effect of trabecular material properties on these signals was analyzed. The backscatter coefficient （BSC） and integrated backscatter coefficient （IBC） were numerically investigated for varying trabecular bone material properties, including density, Lame coefficients, viscosities, and resistance coefficients. The results show that the BSC is a complex function of trabecular bone density, and the IBC increases as density increases. The BSC and IBC increase with the first and second Lame coefficients. While not very sensitive to the second viscosity of the trabeculae, the BSC and IBC decrease as the first viscosity and resistance coefficients increase. The results demonstrate that, in addition to bone mineral density （BMD） and microarchitecture, trabecular material properties significantly influence ultrasonic backseattering signals in cancellous bones. This research furthers the understanding of ultrasonic backscattering in cancellous bones and the characterization of cancellous bone status.