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991.
Milind Choubal Warren T. Ford 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1989,27(6):1873-1882
Crosslinked polystyrene latexes with high surface charge densities have been prepared with 1, 3, and 5 mol% divinylbenzene and 0.5–5.0 mol% of 12-(o-styryloxy)dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide ( 1 ). Within experimental error all of surfactant 1 was incorporated into the particles. Analysis of the latex particles by transmission electron microscopy showed nonspherical shapes, aggregates, and number average diameters ranging from 22 to 95 nm. The particle size decreases and the polydispersity increases with increasing amounts of surfactant 1 and of divinylbenzene in the monomer mixture. A mechanism is proposed for particle formation by precipitation of crosslinked polymer from monomer droplets to form primary particles, coagulation of the primary particles to colloidally stable aggregates, and growth by further polymerization. 相似文献
992.
M.W.C. Dharma-wardana A.H. MacDonald G.C. Aers D.J. Lockwood W.T. Moore R.L.S. Devine 《Superlattices and Microstructures》1987,3(6)
Results of Raman scattering experiments on (a) periodic superlattices made up of GaAs/InxGa1−xAs layers with high indium concentrations, (b) GaAs/Ga1−xAlxAs Fibonacci superlattices, are presented. We discuss the observed peak positions and intensities using the continuum theory of acoustic wave propagation in layered media and the photo-elastic coupling model. 相似文献
993.
994.
Y. Zhang T. M. Benson P. Sewell A. Vukovic D. Zhang W. J. Pan A Loni D. Furniss A. B. Seddon 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2006,38(1-3):97-110
This paper presents our recent simulation results and novel designs of single mode large cross-section glass-based waveguides for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Simulations were performed using an in-house Finite Difference (FD) based mode solver and the FD Beam propagation Method (FD-BPM). Our simulation results show that this innovative technology could provide a simplified means to couple optical energy efficiently between optical components in a single chip. This would provide the base for the future large-scale integration of optical components in PICs. The novel idea of using single mode large cross-section glass-based waveguides as an optical integration platform is an evolutionary innovative solution for the monolithic integration of optical components, in which the glass-based structures act both as waveguides and as an optical bench for integration. This allows easy and efficient optical coupling between optical components and optical fibres, removing costly and tedious alignment problems and considerably reducing optical coupling losses in PICs. We expect that the glass-based waveguide PICs technology will enable the emergence of a new generation of compact, reliable, high speed, and multifunctional devices. 相似文献
995.
D. Chiladze J. Carbonell S. Dymov V. Glagolev M. Hartmann V. Hejny A. Kacharava I. Keshelashvili A. Khoukaz H.R. Koch V. Komarov P. Kulessa A. Kulikov G. Macharashvili Y. Maeda T. Mersmann S. Merzliakov S. Mikirtytchiants A. Mussgiller M. Nioradze H. Ohm F. Rathmann R. Schleichert H.J. Stein H. Ströher Yu. Uzikov S. Yaschenko C. Wilkin 《Physics letters. [Part B]》2006
996.
S.N. Vdovichev B.A. Gribkov S.A. Gusev E. Il’ichev Yu.N. Nozdrin G.L. Pakhomov A.V. Samokhvalov R. Stolz A.A. Fraerman 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2006
The effect of an array of ferromagnetic nanoparticles on the field-dependent critical current of the short overlap Josephson junction is experimentally studied. Large reversible variations of the maximum critical current are observed depending on the magnetic state of the particles. The pronounced commensurability effects are detected which are proved by the additional peaks of magnetic field induced diffraction pattern. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
A. Bartnik H. Fiedorowicz R. Jarocki L. Juha J. Kostecki R. Rakowski M. Szczurek 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2006,82(4):529-532
The first results of experiments on direct photo-etching of heated PTFE using a 10 Hz X-ray source based on a laser-irradiated gas puff target are presented. X-ray radiation in the wavelength range from 6 to 20 nm was produced as a result of irradiation of a double-stream gas puff target with Nd:YAG laser pulses of energy 0.8 J and time duration 3 ns. The resulting X-ray pulses with energy of about 100–200 mJ were used to irradiate samples of PTFE to create microstructures by direct photo-etching. Strong enhancement of the photo-etching process was observed for samples heated up to 300 °C. PACS 52.38.Ph; 81.65.Cf; 61.82.Pv 相似文献
1000.
M. R. Bedilov R. M. Bedilov A. R. Matnazarov M. M. Sabitov Zh. O. Kamalova 《Physics of the Solid State》2006,48(9):1629-1633
The effect of accumulation on the formation of multiply charged ions in optically opaque solids as a function of the number and the angle of incidence of laser pulses is investigated by mass spectrometry. It is revealed that the accumulation effect manifests itself at prethreshold power densities q = 108–109 W/cm2 irrespective of the angle of incidence of laser radiation α = 18°–85° and at subthreshold power densities q > 1010 W/cm2 in the case of grazing incidence of laser radiation at an angle α = 85°. The accumulation effect brings about an increase in the maximum charge multiplicity Z max of tungsten ions and a decrease in the number of impurity ions and in their intensity. No accumulation effect is observed at subthreshold power densities when laser radiation is incident at an angle α = 18°. 相似文献