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31.
J. Symons M. Ghannam J. Nijs A. van Ammel P. de Schepper A. Neugroschel R. Mertens 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1986,41(4):291-295
The modification of the emitter structure of silicon bipolar transistors results in more freedom in the choice between sometimes conflicting device parameters. The approach followed in this work is the use of an amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) or microcrystalline silicon (c-Si) emitter, creating a real heterojunction with the crystalline silicon base. Due to the larger bandgap of these emitter materials, the back injection of minority carriers is strongly suppressed in comparison with conventional bipolar transistors. Furthermore, the small temperature coefficient of the current gain allows the use of these heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) over a wide temperature range. Most likely, the biggest advantage of such HBTs is that a better high-frequency behaviour could be obtained. However, some problems still need to be solved such as the recombination at the emitter-base interface and the high resistivity of the emitter material.On leave from University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA 相似文献
32.
Exposure of dilute solution of bromobenzene and p-dibromobenzene in fluorotrichloromethane to 60Coγ-rays at 77 K gave the corresponding cations characterized by ESR spectra. Estimated spin densities on bromine of ≈ 30% and 23%, respectively, are greater than those predicted by comparison with neutral α-bromo radicals, R2CBr (≈ 15%). Evidence for dimer cation formation in more concentrated solutions is presented. 相似文献
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The densities for n-propanol and n-butanol in their glassy and crystalline forms have been measured at 77 K. The density difference of ca. 0.11 cm3 g?1 is comparable with that normally found between liquids and solids at their melting points. The maximum yield of trapped electrons in the γ-irradiated glassy alcohols has been estimated and, if it is assumed that they are exclusively trapped at molecular-sized vacancies present only in the glasses, then such vacancies account for no more than ca. 1.0% of the volume difference between the crystalline and glassy materials. Much of the remaining difference can be accounted for in terms of long and bent hydrogen bonds in the glasses. 相似文献
35.
Robert S. Wilson-Kovacs Xue Fang Maximilian J. L. Hagemann Dr. Henry E. Symons Prof. Charl F. J. Faul 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(3):e202103443
The number and type of new supramolecular polymer (SMP) systems have increased rapidly in recent years. Some of the key challenges faced for these novel systems include gaining full control over the mode of self-assembly, the creation of novel architectures and exploring functionality. Here, we provide a critical overview of approaches related to perylene-based SMPs and discuss progress to exert control over these potentially important SMPs through chemical modification of the imide substituents. Imide substitutions affect self-assembly behaviour orthogonally to the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of the perylene core, making for a valuable approach to tune SMP properties. Several recent approaches are therefore highlighted, with a focus on controlling 1) morphology, 2) H- or J- aggregation, and 3) mechanism of growth and degree of aggregation using thermodynamic and kinetic control. Areas of potential future exploration and application of these functional SMPs are also explored. 相似文献
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Matsuta K. Fukuda M. Tanigaki M. Minamisono T. Nojiri Y. Akai H. Izumikawa T. Nakazato M. Mihara M. Yamaguchi T. Harada A. Sasaki M. Miyake T. Onishi T. Minamisono K. Fukao T. Sato K. Matsumoto Y. Ohtsubo T. Fukuda S. Yoshida K. Ozawa A. Momota S. Kobayashi T. Tanihata I. Alonso J. R. Krebs G. F. Symons T. J. M. 《Hyperfine Interactions》1996,97(1):501-508
The spin relaxation timeT
1 for short-lived beta emitters13O and23Mg implanted in Pt have been measured for the first time;T
1T13O) = 2.90 ±0.65 Ks andT
1
T(23Mg) = 1665 ±140 Ks. The Knight shift for13O in Pt was measured at 300 K to beK(13O) = +(4.23 ±0.14) × 10–3. In the case of13O, the Knight shift is unusually large and the relaxation time is unusually fast compared with other interstitial impurities in Pt. A KKR band-structure calculation reproduces the present large Knight shift fairly well. 相似文献
40.
K. Matsuta M. Mihara T. Nagatomo R. Matsumiya S. Momota T. Ohtsubo T. Izumikawa H. Hirano S. Takahashi D. Nishimura J. Komurasaki A. Kitagawa M. Kanazawa M. Torikoshi S. Sato M. Fukuda T. Minamisono T. Sumikama K. Tanaka M. Takechi D. Ishikawa S. A. Pahlovy M. Nagao Y. Nojiri J. R. Alonso G. F. Krebs T. J. M. Symons 《Hyperfine Interactions》2007,174(1-3):65-69
A brief review is presented of recent work with the Precision Penning Trap Mass Spectrometer, formerly at MIT, now at Florida
State University. This includes atomic mass comparisons using single trapped ions; mass comparisons using two simultaneously
trapped ions alternated between large and small cyclotron radii; and measurement of the dipole moment of a molecular ion using
the polarizability-induced shift in cyclotron frequency. 相似文献