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161.
Shvedene NV Borovskaya SV Sviridov VV Ismailova ER Pletnev IV 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2005,381(2):427-430
Polyvinyl chloride-plasticized membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISE) based on conventional ion-exchangers have been proposed as a cheap universal tool to measure the solubilities of ionic liquids (ILs) in water. They are applicable for ILs with a wide range of solubilities in water, since the linear range of a potentiometric response spans several orders of magnitude. As an example, we have fabricated and tested ISEs for widely used alkylimidazolium ionic liquids. The aqueous solubilities of four typical ILs have been determined at 21 °C: 0.075±0.001 mol l–1 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, BMIm, hexafluorophosphate); 0.018±0.001 mol l–1 (BMIm bis(triflylimide)); 0.054±0.007 mol l–1 (1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, BDMIm, hexafluorophosphate); 0.014±0.001 mol l–1 (BDMIm bis(triflylimide)). 相似文献
162.
Anton A. Kolesnikov Yurii E. Lozovik Svetlana P. Merkulova 《Journal of Russian Laser Research》2010,31(5):469-474
We propose a new method of laser spectroscopy, which combines high subwavelength space resolution, high sensitivity, and spectral resolution. The method is based on using a fiber laser near the generation threshold instead of a fiber optical near-field microscope. The near-field subwavelength aperture in the “active” fiber is employed for probing. Absorption on the objects under consideration (atoms, molecules, nanostructure, etc.) leads to the failure of oscillations in the fiber laser. We make a computer simulation of the system under consideration and analyze the method’s sensitivity. 相似文献
163.
Pavlova SV To HL Chan ES Li HW Mak TC Lee HK Chan SI 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2006,(18):2232-2243
The air-sensitive bis(micro-iodo)dicopper(I) complex 1 supported by [N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N-di-(2-pyridylmethyl)]amine (L) has been prepared by treating copper(I) iodide with L in anhydrous THF. Compound 1 crystallizes as a dimer in space group C2/c. Each copper(I) center has distorted tetrahedral N2I2 coordination geometry with Cu-N(pyridyl) distances 2.061(3) and 2.063(3) A, Cu-I distances 2.6162(5) and 2.7817(5) and a Cu...Cu distance of 2.9086(8) A. Complex 1 is rapidly oxidized by dioxygen in CH2Cl2 with a 1 : 1 stoichiometry giving the bis(micro-iodo)peroxodicopper(II) complex [Cu(L)(micro-I)]2O2 (2). The reaction of 1 with dioxygen has been characterized by UV-vis, mass spectrometry, EPR and Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy at low temperature (193 K) and above. The mass spectrometry and low temperature EPR measurements suggested an equilibrium between the bis(micro-iodo)peroxodicopper(II) complex 2 and its dimer, namely, the tetranuclear (peroxodicopper(II))2 complex [Cu(L)(micro-I)]4O4 (2'). Complex 2 undergoes an effective oxo-transfer reaction converting PPh3 into O=PPh3 under anaerobic conditions. At sufficiently high concentration of PPh3, the oxygen atom transfer from 2 to PPh3 was followed by the formation of [Cu(PPh3)3I]. The dioxygen reactivity of 1 was compared with that known for other halo(amine)copper(I) dimers. 相似文献
164.
Chebanov VA Muravyova EA Desenko SM Musatov VI Knyazeva IV Shishkina SV Shishkin OV Kappe CO 《Journal of combinatorial chemistry》2006,8(3):427-434
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) have been used as key methods for the synthesis of fused dihydropyrimidine derivatives. The three-component condensation of 3-amino-5-alkylthio-1,2,4-triazoles with aromatic aldehydes and acetoacetamides under microwave irradiation was developed as a rapid and efficient solution-phase method for the high-yielding preparation of 7-aryl-2-alkylthio-4,7-dihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide libraries. In addition, the selective reduction of the formed dihydrotriazolopyrimidines to trans-trans-2-alkylthio-7-aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamides was established. The described synthetic protocols provide rapid access to novel and diversely substituted dihydroazolopyrimidine libraries. 相似文献
165.
166.
The mechanisms of the carboxylations of lithium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium phenoxides are investigated by means of the DFT method with the LANL2DZ basis set. It is shown that the reactions of all alkali metal phenoxides with carbon dioxide occur via very similar reaction mechanisms. The reactions can proceed in the ortho and para positions. The exception is lithium phenoxide which yields only salicylic acid in the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction. It is found that the yield of the para substituted product increases with increasing the ionic radius of the alkali metal used. An explanation for this experimental and theoretical observation is proposed. 相似文献
167.
A new organocatalytic system, novel chiral bisformamide and in situ generated L-proline-derived allylsilane reagent , which converts different aldimines to homoallylic amines in good to high yields (up to 95%) and good enantioselectivities (up to 85% ee) has been described. 相似文献
168.
We study the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems for the Laplacian in a Lipschitz domain ${\Omega}$ , with boundary data in the Besov space ${B_{s}^{p,p} (\partial\Omega).}$ The novelty is to identify a way of measuring smoothness for the solution u that allows us to consider the case p < 1. This is accomplished by using a Besov-based nontangential maximal function in place of the classical one. This builds on the works of Jerison and Kenig [14], where the case p > 1 was treated. 相似文献
169.
Aleksey M. Shor Elena A. Ivanova-Shor Svetlana S. Laletina Vladimir A. Nasluzov Notker R?sch 《Surface science》2010,604(19-20):1705-1712
We studied the interaction of small Agn clusters (n = 1–4) with paramagnetic defect centers of a dehydroxylated silica surface using an all-electron scalar relativistic density functional method. The surface and adsorption complexes on it were modeled with an accurate quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) scheme of embedding QM clusters in an elastic polarizable environment, described at the molecular mechanics level (MM). We analyzed two types of frequent point defects as sites for trapping and growing of Ag clusters: a silicon atom with a dangling bond (E′ center), ≡ Si?, and a non-bridging oxygen center (NBO), ≡ Si–O?. The Ag clusters interact with these paramagnetic centers forming strong covalent metal-defect bonds. The high adsorption energy allows one to consider the NBO and E′ sites as traps of single Ag atoms and as centers of cluster growth. We also explored the effect of adsorption on observable electronic properties of the silver clusters and of the defects of the silica surface. 相似文献
170.
Alexei S. Komolov Eleonora F. Lazneva Svetlana N. Akhremtchik 《Applied Surface Science》2010,256(8):2419-2422
Ultrathin conjugated layers of Pyronine B were thermally deposited in UHV on the surface of perylene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCDA) film. The structure of unoccupied electron states located 5-20 eV above the Fermi level (EF) and the surface potential were monitored during the Pyronine B overlayer deposition, using an incident beam of low-energy electrons according to the total current electron spectroscopy (TCS) method. Electronic work function of the PTCDA surface changed from 4.9 ± 0.1 eV, during the Pyronine B deposition due to the change of the contents of the surface layer, until it reached a stable value 4.6 ± 0.1 eV at the Pyronine B film thickness 8-10 nm. The interface dipole corresponds to electron transfer from the Pyronine B overlayer to the PTCDA surface and the polarization in the Pyronine B overlayer was found confined within approximately 1 nm near the interfaces. The edges of major bands of density of unoccupied electronic states (DOUS) of PTCDA substrate and of the Pyronine B overlayer were unaffected by the process of the interface formation. The major TCS spectral features of the Pyronine B film corresponding to the DOUS band edges were identified and the assignment of the π*, σ*(C-C) and σ*(CC) character was suggested. 相似文献