Local-field effect near the surface of dipolar lattices

The local-field correction near the surface of a dipolar crystal has been studied by explicitly computing the non-retarded electric field produced by a finite array of classical point dipoles induced by a time-varying electric field. Crystals of simple cubic, f.c.c. and b.c.c. structures are considered, and results presented for the self-consitent dipole moment and the local electric field at a lattice point. The utility of the method and its possible applications are discussed.     

Objectification problem,CHSH inequalities for a system of two spin-1/2 particles

The weak objectification and Bell/CHSH inequalities are studied for a particular type of set of states of two spin-1/2 particles. The restriction on interference term which allows Bell/CHSH inequalities to be satisfied are found out.     

The <Superscript>1,3</Superscript>D<Superscript>○</Superscript> resonance states of positronium negative ion using exponential correlated wave functions

The doubly excited ^1,3D^○ resonance states of Ps^- associated with N=3, N=4 and N=5 Ps thresholds have been investigated using highly accurate correlated wave functions with exponents generated by a quasirandom process. Resonance parameters (both resonance positions and widths) are extracted in the framework of the stabilization method and the complex coordinate rotation method. In addition to many Feshbach resonances below the various Ps thresholds, we have identified two ¹ D^○ shape resonances with one each lying above the N=3 and N=4 thresholds, respectively, and two ³ D^○ shape resonances with one each lying above the N=3 and N=5 thresholds, respectively. The ¹ D^○ shape resonance associated with N=3 Ps threshold and some other Feshbach resonances are reported for the first time in the literature.     

Photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer reaction in (E)-3-(4-Methylamino-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester: A fluorescence study in combination with TDDFT calculation

A donor-acceptor substituted aromatic system (E)-3-(4-Methylamino-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester (MAPAME) has been synthesized, and its photophysical behavior obtained spectroscopically has been compared with the theoretical results. The observed dual fluorescence from MAPAME has been assigned to emission from locally excited and twisted intramolecular charge transfer states. The donor and acceptor angular dependency on the ground and excited states potential energy surfaces have been calculated both in vacuo and in acetonitrile solvent using time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and TDDFT polarized continuum model (TDDFT-PCM), respectively. Calculation predicts that a stabilized twisted excited state is responsible for red shifted charge transfer emission.     

Microscopic and Spectroscopic Methods Applied to the Measurements of Nanoparticles in the Environment

Abstract: Currently, thousands of commercially available products contain engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). Because numerous nanoparticles (NPs) are being used in products that will be in contact with water or directly used in water treatment processes, these materials will undoubtedly reside, at least temporarily, in bodies of water. Given the widespread use of NPs and ENPs in consumer goods, a large portion of these materials will soon go into the waste stream, potentially to soil and sediments or added directly to agricultural lands via biosolids. Possible impacts of ENPs on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are of great concern. Preliminary data from several research groups have shown that ENPs may have a direct impact on food safety and the food chain. However, our knowledge about detection and characterization of NPs in the environment, especially aquatic environments, is still in its infancy. This review includes the most recent literature about the methods applied to the measurement of NPs and ENPs in the environment. The review covers methods to determine size distribution, shape, structure, surface charge, chemical composition, surface area, agglomeration, surface chemistry, porosity, and solubility.     

On non-selective harvesting of a multispecies fishery

The present paper deals with the problem of non-selective harvesting of a prey-predator system in which both the prey and the predator species obey the law of logistic growth and each predators functional response to the prey approaches a constant as the prey population increases. Boundedness of the exploited system is examined. The existence of its steady states and their stability are studied using eigenvalue analysis. The existence of bionomic equilibria has been considered. The problem of determining the optimal harvest policy is then solved by using Pontryagin's maximal principle. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the results.     

Harmonic averages, exact difference schemes and local Green’s functions in variable coefficient PDE problems

A brief survey is given to show that harmonic averages enter in a natural way in the numerical solution of various variable coefficient problems, such as in elliptic and transport equations, also of singular perturbation types. Local Green’s functions used as test functions in the Petrov-Galerkin finite element method combined with harmonic averages can be very efficient and are related to exact difference schemes.     

Acquisition Time for Ground-to-Satellite Optical Communication System in Weak Atmospheric Turbulence with Spatial Diversity

Abstract

In this article, various issues involved in a ground-to-satellite optical communication link (i.e., acquisition time, uncertainty area, and channel noise) are discussed. Acquisition time of a free-space optical link is evaluated for coherent (sub-carrier BPSK and QPSK) and non-coherent (OOK and -PPM) modulation schemes over weak turbulent channel with transmit diversity. In the analysis, both uncorrelated and correlated beams are considered. It is seen that an increase in transmit diversity order helps to improve the acquisition time, irrespective of turbulence strength in the atmosphere. At high correlation, a marginal change in acquisition time is observed with the increase in diversity order.