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81.
We propose and analyze a probabilistic scheme to entangle two spatially separated topological qubits in a p{x}+ip{y} superfluid using controlled collisions between atoms in movable dipole traps and unpaired atoms inside vortex cores in the superfluid. We discuss how to test the violation of Bell's inequality with the generated entanglement. A set of universal quantum gates is shown to be implementable deterministically using the entanglement despite the fact that the entangled states can be created only probabilistically. 相似文献
82.
We propose to use the recently predicted two-dimensional "weak-pairing" px + ipy superfluid state of fermionic cold atoms as a platform for topological quantum computation. In the core of a vortex, this state supports a zero-energy Majorana mode, which moves to finite energy in the corresponding topologically trivial "strong-pairing" state. By braiding vortices in the "weak-pairing" state, unitary quantum gates can be applied to the Hilbert space of Majorana zero modes. For readout of the topological qubits, we propose realistic schemes suitable for atomic superfluids. 相似文献
83.
The turbulent film boiling from a vertical non-isothermal surface is formulated with due consideration to thermal radiation from its lateral face. It is observed that the application of Reynolds analogy together with thermal conduction in the test surface has yielded a conjugate solution from which the case of an isothermal condition can be generated as a special case. The analysis has further paved the way in establishing a functional relation between the Nusselt numberNu, radiation parameterN R , fin parameterM, temperature ratio termT s /(T w,0?T s ), and a product of characteristic modified Grashof, Prandtl and superheating parameter defined as (Gr 2 Pr S). In a fully developed turbulent film boiling i.e., modified Grashof number being greater than 1010, the temperature ratio term accounts for the non-linearities arising due to the inclusion of radiation from the lateral face of the fin. The results are in good agreement with experimental data over a wide range of system conditions. 相似文献
84.
The heat transfer rates from a horizontal cylindrical surface of an internally heated tube under constant heat flux conditions are evaluated with the aid of integral analysis giving due consideration to both natural convection and thermal radiation to ambient medium of air. It is observed that non-isothermal conditions around the periphery of the tube arise due to the conjugate effects of the three modes of energy transmission viz., conduction, convection and radiation. The theoretical analysis is further validated with the experimental results and the coincidence is found to be very satisfactory.Die Wärmeübertragungsraten einer horizontalen zylindrischen Oberfläche eines innen erwärmten Rohres mit konstantem Wärmestrom sind mit Hilfe von Integralrechnungen berechnet worden, die sich auf die freie Konvektion und thermische Strahlung mit Luft als Umgebungsmedium beziehen. Es ist beobachtet worden, daß nicht-isotherme Bedingungen am Umfang des Rohres aus den drei Energieübertragungsarten Leitung, Konvektion und Strahlung entstehen. Die theoretische Berechnung wurde mit experimentellen Ergebnissen bestätigt und die Koinzidenz stellte sich als sehr zufriedenstellend heraus. 相似文献
85.
The problem of heat transfer to non-Newtonian laminar falling liquid films on horizontal tubes is investigated theoretically for constant heat flux and isothermal conditions imposed at the inner periphery of the tube. The local and average heat transfer coefficients are obtained as function of the system parameters by conjugating the convective transport of heat to the liquid film to the thermal conduction in the material of the tube in the peripheral direction. The results indicate that the average heat transfer coefficient can be described successfully by three dimensionless groups characterizing the dynamic flow characteristics of the film, modified Prandtl number and the index of the power law variation of the rate of angular shear deformation of the fluid with respect to the shear stress.Das Problem des Wärmeübergangs an laminar ablaufende Fallfilme nicht-Newtonscher Flüssigkeiten an horizontalen Rohren wird unter Voraussetzungen konstanter Temperatur bzw. konstanten Wärmeflusses bezüglich des Rohrinnenumfangs theoretisch untersucht. Die örtlichen und gemittelten Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten erhält man als Funktion der Systemparameter unter gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung des konvektiven Wärmetransportes an dem Flüssigkeitsfilm und der Wärmeleitung im Rohrmaterial in Umfangsrichtung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich der gemittelte Wärmeübergangskoeffizient zufriedenstellend in Abhängigkeit von drei dimensionslosen Kenngrößen darstellen läßt. Diese charakterisieren das dynamische Fließverhalten des Films bzw. entsprechen einer modifizierten Prandtl-Zahl und dem Exponenten des Potenzgesetzes, welches die Abhängigkeit der Scherdeformation der Flüssigkeit von der Schubspannung wiedergibt. 相似文献
86.
Reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with electrospray mass detection and 1H and 13C NMR characterization of new process‐related impurities,including forced degradants of Efavirenz: Related substances correlated to the synthetic pathway
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In this study, a stability‐indicating reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic electrospray mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the determination of process‐related impurities and forced degradants of Efavirenz in bulk drugs. Efavirenz was subjected to acid, alkaline hydrolysis, H2O2 oxidation, photolysis, and thermal stress. Significant degradation was observed during alkaline hydrolysis, and the degradants were isolated on a mass‐based purification system and characterized by high‐resolution mass spectrometry, positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Accurate mass measurement and NMR spectroscopy revealed the possible structure of process‐related impurities and degradant under stress conditions. The acceptable separation was accomplished on Waters bondapak C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm), using 5 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as a mobile phase in a gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The eluents were monitored by diode array detector at 247 nm and quantitation limits were obtained in the range of 0.1–2.5 μg/mL for Efavirenz, degradants, and process‐related impurities. The liquid chromatography method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness, and limits of detection and quantification as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. 相似文献
87.
Chou HL Lai FJ Su WN Pillai KC Sarma LS Hwang BJ 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(3):1131-1135
A layer growth mechanism of Pt-Ru bimetallic nanoparticles has been proposed with supporting experiments and calculations by density functional theory (DFT). Elongated Pt atoms on Ru nanoparticles were synthesized via a two-step route, and their structural details were obtained by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Because of the intrinsic mismatch of lattice spacing between the two elements, such an unusual growth was analyzed with the DFT simulations to explore the mystery of the growth mechanism. Pt atoms would rearrange the packing order and adjust the Pt-Pt atomic distance, and so do the Ru nanoparticles in order to achieve the optimal energy status of the bimetallic system. The resultant Pt(111) layers could stack on top of the Ru(0001) core more tightly by fitting the pockets left between the Ru atoms. The findings give insight into the formation mechanism of the nanosized Pt-Ru bimetallic catalyst and pave the way for designing bimetallic catalysts with tailored properties at the atomic level. 相似文献
88.
Das MR Sarma RK Saikia R Kale VS Shelke MV Sengupta P 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2011,83(1):16-22
A solution-based approach to the synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles by chemical reduction of AgNO(3) in a graphene oxide (GrO) suspension is demonstrated. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicate that the Ag nanoparticles, of size range 5-25nm, were decorated on the GrO sheets. The size and shape of the Ag nanoparticles are dependent on the concentration of the AgNO(3) solution. Antimicrobial activity of such hybrids materials is investigated against the Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonous aeruginosa. The bacterial growth kinetics was monitored in nutrient broth supplemented with the Ag nanoparticle-GrO suspension at different conditions. It was observed that P. aeruginosa is comparatively more sensitive to the Ag nanoparticle-GrO suspension. 相似文献
89.
Karan NS Sarkar S Sarma DD Kundu P Ravishankar N Pradhan N 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(6):1666-1669
We report a reversible phase transformation of platelet-shaped ZnS nanostructures between wurtzite (WZ) and zinc blende (ZB) phases by reversible insertion/ejection of dopant Mn(II) ions induced by a thermocyclic process. In a reaction flask loaded with WZ ZnS platelets and Mn molecular precursors, during heating Mn ions are incorporated and change the phase of the host nanostructures to ZB; during cooling Mn ions are spontaneously ejected, returning the host nanoplatelets to the original WZ phase. These reversible changes are monitored for several cycles with PL, EPR, XRD, and HRTEM. Interestingly, the (0001) WZ platelets transform to (110) ZB following a nucleation and growth process triggered by a local increase/depletion of the Mn(2+) concentration in the nanocrystals. 相似文献
90.
Koosam Mahendar A. V. S. Sarma P. Raghavaiah Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantam Kenneth J. Klabunde 《Helvetica chimica acta》2011,94(8):1533-1542
Aldol‐type reaction between electron deficient aldehydes and sulfonium salts to afford the corresponding β‐hydroxy α‐sulfanyl esters in moderate‐to‐good yields by using nanocrystalline MgO is described. The sulfanyl group is a useful group for further transformations in organic synthesis. Low Rf‐value isomer is anti‐configured as revealed by X‐ray diffraction study and consistent with the assignment of 1H‐NMR spectrum. 相似文献