Antihyperglycemic activity of chalcone based novel 1-{3-[3-(substituted phenyl) prop-2-enoyl] phenyl} thioureas

Abstract

The present study describes the synthesis of novel chalcone based 1-{3-[3-(substituted phenyl) prop-2-enoyl] phenyl} thioureas (4a-c) using Claisen Schmidt condensation and investigates their protective role in diabetic conditions and associated oxidative stress. Spectral properties for the synthesized compounds were studied. Novel compounds were screened for antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats in a 6?week study and compound 4b exhibited significant (p?≤?.05) results similar to the standard drug glipizide. Treatment of diabetic animals with compound 4b (10 and 20?mg/kg, body weight) for 12?weeks, reduced the increased blood glucose level significantly (p?≤?.01) and restored attenuated serum biochemical parameters to normal levels. Altered antioxidant enzyme activity was also considerably (p?≤?.01) restored to the standard normal range. β-apoptotic TUNEL assay indicated that compound 4b (AI: 1.2?±?0.05) could prevent further β-cell death in the pancreas of diabetic animals in a dose-dependent manner, which highlights its potentiality as an effective antihyperglycemic agent.     

String theory in five dimensional cosmological models

A study on string theory has been done in five dimensional flat space-time. Barotropic equation of state andp-string model are discussed. Also a polynomial relation between the two scale factors is assumed. In some special cases the solution reduces to generalized Kasner metric. Further diminision of extra dimension with the evolution of universe is exhibited. A detailed study of phase-space analysis is done for geometric string model.     

Forced thickness vibrations of a thermopiezoelectric layer of monoclinic symmetry

In the present paper, the generalized dynamical theory of thermoelasticity is employed to study the thickness vibrations of a thermopiezoelectric layer of monoclinic symmetry. The vibrations in the layer are generated owing to the application of an alternating potential and temperature difference to the faces of the layer which are assumed to be coated with infinitesimally thin electrodes. Variations of the piezoelectric potential, particle displacement and temperature with the distance along the thickness direction have been determined.I am grateful to Dr. A. K. Pal of Jadavpur University for his kind help in the preparation of this paper. I am also thankful to the referee for his valuable comments in improving the paper.     

Benzofuran-derived cyclic beta-amino acid scaffold for building a diverse set of flavonoid-like probes and the discovery of a cell motility inhibitor

We report here a practical, enantioselective synthesis of benzofuran-derived, cyclic trans-beta-amino acid scaffold. In two cases, tricyclic derivatives having six- and eight-membered unsaturated lactams were obtained from this versatile scaffold. To explore the biological applications, these compounds were subjected to cell-based assays, using NIH3T3 mouse cells to examine their potency as cell motility inhibitors and identified 18 as a potent cell motility inhibitor (IC50 approximately 40 microM in chamber cell migration assay).     

Outerplanar and Planar Oriented Cliques

The clique number of an undirected graph G is the maximum order of a complete subgraph of G and is a well‐known lower bound for the chromatic number of G. Every proper k‐coloring of G may be viewed as a homomorphism (an edge‐preserving vertex mapping) of G to the complete graph of order k. By considering homomorphisms of oriented graphs (digraphs without cycles of length at most 2), we get a natural notion of (oriented) colorings and oriented chromatic number of oriented graphs. An oriented clique is then an oriented graph whose number of vertices and oriented chromatic number coincide. However, the structure of oriented cliques is much less understood than in the undirected case. In this article, we study the structure of outerplanar and planar oriented cliques. We first provide a list of 11 graphs and prove that an outerplanar graph can be oriented as an oriented clique if and only if it contains one of these graphs as a spanning subgraph. Klostermeyer and MacGillivray conjectured that the order of a planar oriented clique is at most 15, which was later proved by Sen. We show that any planar oriented clique on 15 vertices must contain a particular oriented graph as a spanning subgraph, thus reproving the above conjecture. We also provide tight upper bounds for the order of planar oriented cliques of girth k for all .     

Synthesis of novel 1-benzyl/aryl-4-{[(1-aryl-1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]methyl}-1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-1,2,3-triazole derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity

A series of 1-benzyl/aryl-4-{[(1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]methyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized via Cu(I) catalyzed reaction between terminal alkyne and substituted aryl or benzyl azides. The synthesized triazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectral techniques. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity.     

Prospects and challenges in designing photocatalytic particle suspension reactors for solar fuel processing

Photocatalytic approaches for the production of solar hydrogen or hydrocarbons are interesting as they provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Research has been focused on water splitting and on the synthesis of photocatalyst materials and compounds, and their characterization. The material-related challenges include the synthesis and design of photocatalysts that can absorb visible light at a high quantum efficiency, cocatalysts that are selective and can accelerate the reduction and/or oxidation reactions, and protection layers that facilitate migration of the minority carriers to the surface-active sites while reducing charge recombination and photo-corrosion. Less attention has been paid to the conceptual design of reactors, and how design and coupled transport can affect the material choice and requirements. This perspective discusses the various possible conceptual designs for particle suspension reactors and the related implications on the material requirements to achieve high energy conversion efficiencies. We establish a link between the thermodynamic limits, materials requirements, and conceptual reactor designs, quantify changes in material requirements when more realistic operation and losses are considered, and compare the theory-derived guidelines with the ongoing materials research activity.

This perspective discusses the various possible conceptual designs for particle suspension reactors and the related implications on the material and reactor requirements to achieve high STH conversion efficiencies.     

Cross sections for leptophobic topcolor Z′ decaying to top–antitop

We present numerical calculations of the production cross section of a heavy Z?? resonance in hadron?Chadron collisions with subsequent decay into top?Cantitop pairs. In particular, we consider the leptophobic topcolor Z?? discussed under Model IV of hep-ph/9911288, which has predicted cross sections large enough to be experimentally accessible at the Fermilab Tevatron and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. This article presents an updated calculation valid for the Tevatron and all proposed LHC collision energies. Cross sections are presented for various Z?? widths, in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=2\mbox{~TeV}$ , and in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7, 8, 10 \mbox{ and } 14\mbox{~TeV}$ .