全文获取类型
收费全文 | 42079篇 |
免费 | 3091篇 |
国内免费 | 3005篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 30029篇 |
晶体学 | 515篇 |
力学 | 1531篇 |
综合类 | 264篇 |
数学 | 4251篇 |
物理学 | 11585篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 50篇 |
2023年 | 316篇 |
2022年 | 824篇 |
2021年 | 1011篇 |
2020年 | 901篇 |
2019年 | 977篇 |
2018年 | 839篇 |
2017年 | 784篇 |
2016年 | 1391篇 |
2015年 | 1364篇 |
2014年 | 1754篇 |
2013年 | 2707篇 |
2012年 | 3215篇 |
2011年 | 3440篇 |
2010年 | 2375篇 |
2009年 | 2199篇 |
2008年 | 3002篇 |
2007年 | 2685篇 |
2006年 | 2627篇 |
2005年 | 2210篇 |
2004年 | 2003篇 |
2003年 | 1735篇 |
2002年 | 1786篇 |
2001年 | 1284篇 |
2000年 | 1037篇 |
1999年 | 784篇 |
1998年 | 497篇 |
1997年 | 484篇 |
1996年 | 518篇 |
1995年 | 393篇 |
1994年 | 388篇 |
1993年 | 381篇 |
1992年 | 310篇 |
1991年 | 243篇 |
1990年 | 230篇 |
1989年 | 189篇 |
1988年 | 123篇 |
1987年 | 128篇 |
1986年 | 93篇 |
1985年 | 112篇 |
1984年 | 78篇 |
1983年 | 63篇 |
1982年 | 81篇 |
1981年 | 82篇 |
1980年 | 47篇 |
1979年 | 53篇 |
1978年 | 60篇 |
1977年 | 46篇 |
1976年 | 54篇 |
1974年 | 44篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
Hyosuk Son Young Jun Jung Seong-Cheol Park Il Ryong Kim Joung Hun Park Mi-Kyeong Jang Jung Ro Lee 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(18)
Profilins (PFNs) are actin monomer-binding proteins that function as antimicrobial agents in plant phloem sap. Although the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana profilin protein isoforms (AtPFNs) in regulating actin polymerization have already been described, their biochemical and molecular functions remain to be elucidated. Interestingly, a previous study indicated that AtPFN2 with high molecular weight (HMW) complexes showed lower antifungal activity than AtPFN1 with low molecular weight (LMW). These were bacterially expressed and purified to characterize the unknown functions of AtPFNs with different structures. In this study, we found that AtPFN1 and AtPFN2 proteins have LMW and HMW structures, respectively, but only AtPFN2 has a potential function as a molecular chaperone, which has never been reported elsewhere. AtPFN2 has better protein stability than AtPFN1 due to its higher molecular weight under heat shock conditions. The function of AtPFN2 as a holdase chaperone predominated in the HMW complexes, whereas the chaperone function of AtPFN1 was not observed in the LMW forms. These results suggest that AtPFN2 plays a critical role in plant tolerance by increasing hydrophobicity due to external heat stress. 相似文献
992.
Seung Wha Jo Ji-Hyun An Dong-Shin Kim Eun Jung Yim Hyeon-Jin Kang Hyun-Jin Kim 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(19)
Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) is an important starter in the fermentation of koji and moromi. However, the effect of different A. oryzae strains on the quality of moromi has rarely been studied. For this reason, this study analyzed the physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, sensory quality, and metabolite profiles of moromi samples fermented using two strains (A. oryzae KCCM12012P (moromi-1) and KCCM12804P (moromi-2)), which were newly isolated from fermented soy foods, and compared them to those of a commercialized A. oryzae strain (control). Amino-type nitrogen contents of moromi-1 and moromi-2 samples were higher than that of control moromi, and their amylase and protease activities were also higher. Moreover, metabolite profiles of moromi were significantly altered according to strains. In particular, the levels of many amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, and acidic compounds were altered, which resulted in changes in the sensory quality of moromi. Although volatile compounds were not investigated, the results suggested that the quality of moromi was significantly different for newly isolated strains, especially A. oryzae KCCM12804P, and they were superior to the commercial strain in terms of taste-related substances. Therefore, these strains could be used as good starters to produce moromi and soy sauce with good sensory quality. 相似文献
993.
Supplementation of SDF1 during Pig Oocyte In Vitro Maturation Improves Subsequent Embryo Development
994.
Tatyana N. Moshkina Emiliya V. Nosova Julia V. Permyakova Galina N. Lipunova Ekaterina F. Zhilina Grigory A. Kim Pavel A. Slepukhin Valery N. Charushin 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(21)
Design and synthesis of 2-(aryl/thiophen-2-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and 4-cyano-2-arylquinazolines with Et2N-, Ph2N- or carbazol-9-yl- electron donating fragment are described. The key photophysical properties of these compounds have been studied by UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in solvents of different polarity (toluene and MeCN). 2-(Aryl/thiophen-2-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones show fluorescence in blue-green region in toluene solution with quantum yields up to 89% in the case of 2-(4’-N,N-diphenylamino[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-quinazolin-4(3H)-one. Moreover, triphenylamino derivative based on quinazolin-4(3H)-one with para-phenylene linker displays the highest quantum yield of 40% in powder. The fluorescence QY of Et2N and Ph2N derivatives decrease when going from toluene to MeCN solution, whereas carbazol-9-yl counterparts demonstrate strengthening of intensity that emphasizes the strong influence of donor fragment nature on photophysical properties. 4-Cyanoquinazolines are less emissive in both solvents, as well as, in solid state. The introduction of cyano group into position 4 leads to orange/red colored powder and dual emission bands. Some molecules demonstrate the increase in emission intensity upon addition of water to MeCN solution. According to frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO, LUMO) calculations, the energy gap of 4-cyanoquinazoline decreases by more than 1 eV compared to quinazolin-4-one, that is consistent with experimental data. 相似文献
995.
Ji-Hae Joo Min-Hui Han Ja-I Kim Jong-Eun Kim Kyung-Hwan Jung Han Sun Oh Young Soo Chung Hyun Jin An Jae Duk Lee Gi-Seong Moon Hyang-Yeol Lee 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(23)
The root of Smilax china L. is used in traditional Korean medicine. We found that the Smilax china L. root extract has strong antimicrobial activity against two Cutibacterium acnes strains (KCTC 3314 and KCTC 3320). The aim of this study was to identify the beneficial properties of Smilax china L. extracts for their potential use as active ingredients in cosmetics for the treatment of human skin acne. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF/MS) methods were used to obtain the profile of secondary metabolites from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the crude extract. Agar diffusion and resazurin-based broth microdilution assays were used to evaluate antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), respectively. Among the 24 metabolites, quercetin, resveratrol, and oxyresveratrol were the most potent compounds against Cutibacterium acnes. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of quercetin, resveratrol, and oxyresveratrol were 31.25, 125, and 250 μg/mL, respectively. 相似文献
996.
Ji Hwan Lee Jong Hee Choi Jaihwan Kim Tai Wan Kim Ji-Young Kim Geehoon Chung Ik-Hyun Cho Dae Sik Jang Sun Kwang Kim 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(23)
Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is a serious side effect that impairs the quality of life of patients treated with the chemotherapeutic agent, oxaliplatin. The underlying pathophysiology of OIPN remains unclear, and there are no effective therapeutics. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between spinal microglial activation and OIPN and explore the analgesic effects of syringaresinol, a phytochemical from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, on OIPN symptoms. The causality between microglial activation and OIPN was investigated by assessing cold and mechanical allodynia in mice after intrathecal injection of the serum supernatant from a BV-2 microglial cell line treated with oxaliplatin. The microglial inflammatory response was measured based on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB) expression in the spinal dorsal horn. The effects of syringaresinol were tested using behavioral and immunohistochemical assays. We found that oxaliplatin treatment activated the microglia to increase inflammatory responses, leading to the induction of pain. Syringaresinol treatment significantly ameliorated oxaliplatin-induced pain and suppressed microglial expression of inflammatory signaling molecules. Thus, we concluded that the analgesic effects of syringaresinol on OIPN were achieved via the modulation of spinal microglial inflammatory responses. 相似文献
997.
Ran Lu Wei Wang Bo Dong Chao Xu Bo Li Yong Sun Junchao Liu Biao Hong 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(23)
Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis (AS) seriously affects human health. Photothermal therapy (PTT) brings hope to the diagnosis and treatment of AS, with the development of nanotechnology. To improve treatment efficiency, self-assembled CuCo2S4 nanocrystals (NCs) were developed as a drug-delivery nanocarrier, triggered by near-infrared (NIR) light for efficient chemophotothermal therapy of arterial inflammation. The as-prepared self-assembled CuCo2S4 NCs exhibited excellent biocompatibility and a very high chloroquine (CL)-loading content. In addition, the self-assembled CuCo2S4 NCs/CL nanocomposites showed good photothermal performance, due to strong absorption in the NIR region, and the release of CL from the NCs/CL nanocomposites was driven by NIR light. When illuminated by NIR light, both PTT from the NCs and chemotherapy from the CL were simultaneously triggered, resulting in killing macrophages with a synergistic effect. Moreover, chemo-photothermal therapy with CuCo2S4 NCs/CL nanocomposites showed an effective therapeutic effect for arterial inflammation, in vivo. Our work demonstrated that chemo-photothermal therapy could be a promising strategy for the treatment of arterial inflammation against atherosclerosis. 相似文献
998.
Kingsley Christian Kemp Wanuk Choi Donghui Jo Sung Hwan Park Suk Bong Hong 《Chemical science》2022,13(35):10455
The search for new zeolite structures and compositions remains important in synthetic materials science due to the high impact on developing new chemical technologies, as well as on improving existing ones. Herein we present the synthesis and structure of PST-35, a novel medium-pore germanosilicate (Si/Ge = 2.1–6.6) zeolite, achieved by combining the excess fluoride approach and the unique structure directing ability of Ge in the presence of 1,2,3-triethylimidazolium ions as an organic structure-directing agent. PST-35 contains a zig-zag 10-ring (4.6 × 6.7 Å) channel system constructed of strictly alternating large 28-hedral ([48·58·68·82·102]) and smaller 18-hedral ([46·54·64·82·102]) cages of anomalous orthorhombic shape. The PST-35 structure is built from the connection of pst-35 layers consisting of small 8-hedral ([43·54·6]) cages, previously unobserved zeolite building layers, through single 4-rings.A medium-pore zeolite containing 2 novel orthorhombic-shaped cages was synthesized by combining the tendency of Ge to form double 4-ring units with the structure-directing ability of 1,2,3-triethylimidazolium ions under excess fluoride conditions. 相似文献
999.
Mengyao Yang Xingshu Li Gyoungmi Kim Rui Wang Seong-Jin Hong Chang-Hee Lee Juyoung Yoon 《Chemical science》2022,13(43):12738
Phototherapy has been a promising therapeutic modality for pathological tissue due to its spatiotemporal selectivity and non-invasive characteristics. However, as a core component of phototherapy, a single photosensitizer (PS) nanoplatform integrating excellent therapeutic efficiency and minimal side effects remains an urgent but unmet need. Here, we construct a J-aggregated nano-porphyrin termed MTE based on the self-assembly of methyl-pheophorbide a derivative MPa-TEG (MT) and natural polyphenolic compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Due to the synergistic interaction between similar large π-conjugated structural EGCG and MT, MTE with small and uniform size is obtained by effectively hindering Ostwald ripening of MT. Noteworthily, MTE not only effectively avoids the inadvertent side effects of phototoxicity during transport thank to the ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, but also achieves two-pathway augmented superior phototherapy: (1) enhancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) via inhibiting the expression of anti-apoptosis protein surviving; (2) achieving adjuvant mild-temperature laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) via reducing the tumor thermoresistance on account that MTE inhibits the overexpression of HSP 70 and HSP 90. This research not only offers a facile strategy to construct multicomponent nanoplatforms but also provides a new pathway for efficient and low-toxicity phototherapy, which is beneficial to the future clinical application.J-aggregated nanoporphyrin (MTE) integrates minimal side effects and two-pathway augmented superior phototherapy: enhancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) and achieving adjuvant mild-temperature laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). 相似文献
1000.
Junming Zhang Xueli Cao Ya-Fei Jiang Sung-Fu Hung Wei Liu Hong Bin Yang Cong-Qiao Xu Dong-Sheng Li Tianyu Zhang Yujing Li Jun Li Bin Liu 《Chemical science》2022,13(41):12114
Inducing the surface enrichment of active noble metal can not only help to stabilize the catalyst but also modify the catalytic performance of the catalyst through electronic and geometric effects. Herein, we report the in situ surface enrichment of Ir on IrRu alloy during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The surface enrichment of Ir was probed by ex situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and electrochemical Cu stripping, leading to complementary characterizations of the dynamic reconstruction of the IrRu alloy during OER. Guided by the density functional theory (DFT), an IrRu alloy with low Ir content (20 wt%) was constructed, which displayed a low overpotential of only 230 mV to deliver an OER current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M HClO4 solution and maintained stable performance for over 20 h. To investigate the practical application potential, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer using the IrRu alloy as the anode catalyst was assembled, which required a low cell voltage of only 1.48 V to generate a current density of 1 A cm−2.Inducing the surface enrichment of active noble metal can not only help to stabilize the catalyst but also modify the catalytic performance of the catalyst through electronic and geometric effects. 相似文献