全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24447篇 |
免费 | 765篇 |
国内免费 | 125篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 16221篇 |
晶体学 | 252篇 |
力学 | 717篇 |
数学 | 2220篇 |
物理学 | 5927篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 154篇 |
2022年 | 438篇 |
2021年 | 581篇 |
2020年 | 440篇 |
2019年 | 456篇 |
2018年 | 402篇 |
2017年 | 371篇 |
2016年 | 704篇 |
2015年 | 604篇 |
2014年 | 845篇 |
2013年 | 1454篇 |
2012年 | 1751篇 |
2011年 | 1983篇 |
2010年 | 1257篇 |
2009年 | 1078篇 |
2008年 | 1666篇 |
2007年 | 1433篇 |
2006年 | 1477篇 |
2005年 | 1256篇 |
2004年 | 1100篇 |
2003年 | 930篇 |
2002年 | 868篇 |
2001年 | 539篇 |
2000年 | 482篇 |
1999年 | 333篇 |
1998年 | 216篇 |
1997年 | 211篇 |
1996年 | 276篇 |
1995年 | 188篇 |
1994年 | 202篇 |
1993年 | 205篇 |
1992年 | 154篇 |
1991年 | 125篇 |
1990年 | 127篇 |
1989年 | 100篇 |
1988年 | 70篇 |
1987年 | 73篇 |
1986年 | 51篇 |
1985年 | 75篇 |
1984年 | 55篇 |
1983年 | 44篇 |
1982年 | 65篇 |
1981年 | 67篇 |
1979年 | 50篇 |
1978年 | 46篇 |
1977年 | 35篇 |
1976年 | 41篇 |
1975年 | 37篇 |
1974年 | 37篇 |
1973年 | 35篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
Lee KI Joo SJ Lee JH Rhie K Kim TS Lee WY Shin KH Lee BC LeClair P Lee JS Park JH 《Physical review letters》2007,98(10):107202
Tunneling magnetoresistance was found to be suppressed with decreasing temperature for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) oxidized under high plasma power. A strong temperature dependence of the junction resistance was observed, along with zero-bias anomalies of dynamic resistance at low temperatures. Resistance shows a logarithmic dependence on temperature, and resistance versus temperature exhibits a scaling behavior. Our experimental data can be explained in a consistent way by the Kondo effect in the MTJs with the Kondo temperature TK=20-30 K. 相似文献
992.
Seong Yong Yoon Hoo San LeeSok Hyun Kong Hoon Sang Oh 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2007
We studied the magnetic and noise properties with various soft underlayer (SUL) types. For an as-deposited SUL, the results of spectrum, oscilloscope waveform and MFM indicated that the SUL types with IrMn pinning layer have more noise level than that of SUL types without IrMn pinning layer. And, after magnetic filed annealing along radial direction of disk, the exchange bias field increased and the noise level of type B (exchange bias type) decreased. These results reveal that incomplete or partial coupling may be generated at the interface between IrMn and ferromagnetic layer in as-deposited SUL. This incomplete coupling may result in complex or multidomain patterns in ferromagnetic layer. 相似文献
993.
We show that the phase transition from the decelerating universe to the accelerating universe, which is of relevance to the cosmological coincidence problem, is possible in the semiclassically quantized two-dimensional dilaton gravity by taking into account the noncommutative field variables during the finite time. Initially, the quantum-mechanically induced energy from the noncommutativity among the fields makes the early universe decelerate and subsequently the universe is accelerating because the dilaton driven cosmology becomes dominant later. 相似文献
994.
Jong-Moo Lee Yong-Soon Baek Kwang-Ryong Oh Hyung-Jong Lee Yong-Seok Kim 《Optics Communications》2007,270(2):189-194
We investigate on the variation of loss and temperature dependence of a polymeric arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) depending on its substrate, by fabricating 16-channel polymeric AWGs with various substrate conditions. Insertion loss for a polymeric AWG on a silicon substrate is measured as low as 3.1 dB. The temperature-dependent wavelength shift for a polymeric AWG detached from the substrate is maintained within 0.1 nm from 20 to 80 °C. But we observe a degradation of insertion loss and a little instability in wavelength characteristics both for the detached polymeric AWG and for a polymeric AWG on a polymer substrate. We investigate on those optical properties of the polymeric AWGs based on measured thermal expansion properties of the polymers. 相似文献
995.
Anilinolysis of O‐butyl phenyl phosphonochloridothioate in acetonitrile: Synthesis,characterization, kinetic study,and reaction mechanism 下载免费PDF全文
This paper describes a simple optimized method for the synthesis of O‐butyl phenyl phosphonochloridothioate ( 4 ) under mild conditions. The target compounds were characterized by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C‐NMR, and 31P‐NMR spectroscopy, as well as mass spectroscopy. The apparent structure of 4 was confirmed by optimization using the B3LYP/6‐311 + G(d,p) level in the Gaussian 09 program in acetonitrile. The nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4 with X‐anilines (XC6H4NH2) and deuterated X‐anilines (XC6H4ND2) were investigated kinetically in acetonitrile at 55.0°C. The free energy relationship with X in the anilines looked biphasic concave upwards with a break region between X = H and X = 3‐MeO, giving large negative ρX and small positive βX values. The deuterium kinetic isotope effects were secondary inverse (kH/kD < 1: 0.789‐0.995) and the magnitudes, (kH/kD), increased when the nucleophiles were changed from weakly basic to strongly basic anilines. A concerted SN2 mechanism is proposed on the basis of the selectivity parameters and the variation trend of the deuterium kinetic isotope effects with X. 相似文献
996.
Simple expressions of the reflection and transmission coefficients of fundamental Lamb waves by a rectangular notch 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The scattering of Lamb waves by a two-dimensional rectangular notch is investigated for rapid inspection of defects in a structure. To derive the reflection and transmission coefficients of the scattered waves in a simple way, the scattering caused by the notch is analyzed through the composition of individual scattering processes. Linear equations corresponding to the reflection and transmission coefficients are constructed along with scattering graphs. For an illustration of the efficacy of the presented method, the scattering of fundamental symmetric and anti-symmetric modes are inspected according to the depth and width of a notch in a plate. Validity of these expressions is demonstrated by the comparison of the theoretical analysis results with those from the finite element analysis. 相似文献
997.
In animal experiments, the observed orientation preference and ocular dominance columns in the visual cortex of the brain show various pattern types. Here, we show that the different visual map formations in various species are due to the crossover behavior in anisotropic systems composed of orientational and scalar components such as easy-plane Heisenberg models. We predict the transition boundary between different pattern types with the anisotropy as a main bifurcation parameter, which is consistent with experimental observations. 相似文献
998.
We report an additional reversal mechanism of magnetic vortex cores in nanodot elements driven by currents flowing perpendicular to the sample plane, occurring via dynamic transformations between two coupled edge solitons and bulk vortex solitons. This mechanism differs completely from the well-known switching process mediated by the creation and annihilation of vortex-antivortex pairs in terms of the associated topological solitons, energies, and spin-wave emissions. Strongly localized out-of-plane gyrotropic fields induced by the fast motion of the coupled edge solitons enable a magnetization dip that plays a crucial role in the formation of the reversed core magnetization. This work provides a deeper physical insight into the dynamic transformations of magnetic topological solitons in nanoelements. 相似文献
999.
We study the electrically driven spreading of dielectric liquid films in wedge-shaped gaps across which a potential difference is applied. Our experiments are in a little-studied regime where, throughout the dynamics, the electrical relaxation time is long compared to the time for charge to be convected by the fluid motion. We observe that at a critical normal electric field the hump-shaped leading edge undergoes an instability in the form of a single Taylor cone and periodic jetting ensues, after which traveling waves occur along the trailing thin film. We propose a convection-dominated mechanism for charge transport to describe the observed dynamics and rationalize the viscosity dependence of the self-excited dynamics. 相似文献
1000.
We report on improved and controlled light outcoupling of transparent organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs) by inserting thin silver layers between the indium tin oxide anode and the hole transporting layer. The introduction of Ag layers influences both the bottom and top emission of the TOLEDs, and it results in dramatic changes in the electroluminescence spectra and angular distribution. We find that the overall external quantum efficiency can be increased up to 18.8%, and the ratio of bottom and top emission can be almost identical. 相似文献