Catalytic and highly enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic ethers with trifluoropyruvate under solvent-free conditions

[Structure: see text] Highly enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of simple and aromatic ethers (4a-l) with 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate (3) was accomplished by using chiral (4R,5S)-DiPh-BOX(1b)-Cu(OTf)2 complex (1 mol %) as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Excellent yields and enantioselectivities (90-93% ee, after recrystallization up to 99% ee) of the Friedel-Crafts alkylation products were obtained.     

叶绿素荧光PCA-SVM分析的黄瓜病虫害诊断研究

为了对植物病虫害进行快速准确检测,采用荧光光谱技术并结合支持向量机分析方法建立了黄瓜病虫害诊断模型。通过Savitzky-Golay平滑法(SG),SG平滑法+快速傅里叶变换(FFT)和SG平滑法+一阶导数变换(FDT)三种方法对原始光谱进行降噪处理,并利用主成分分析法(PCA)对降噪后的光谱进行降维,根据累积贡献率选取7个主成分进行分析。将样本数据随机分为训练集和预测集,利用四种核函数条件下的支持向量机算法建立了预测模型,并进行预测。以训练集交叉验证的分类准确率最大值为指标,对四种核函数模型进行参数优化,并对比其分类性能,结果表明,经SG+FDT+PCA预处理后,具有多项式核函数的支持向量机对黄瓜病虫害的鉴别准确率达到98.3%,具有很好的分类和鉴别效果。     

Deposition and properties of B-N codoped p-type ZnO thin films by RF magnetron sputtering

B-N codoped p-type ZnO thin films have been realized by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering using a mixture of argon and oxygen as sputtering gas. Types of conduction and electrical properties in codoped ZnO films were found to be dependent on oxygen partial pressure ratios in the sputtering gas mixture. When oxygen partial pressure ratio was 70%, the codoped ZnO film showed p-type conduction and had the best electrical properties. Additionally, the p-ZnO/n-Si heterojunction showed a clear p-n diode characteristic. XRD results indicate that the B-N codoped ZnO film prepared in 70% oxygen partial pressure ratio has high crystal quality with (0 0 2) preferential orientation. Meanwhile, the B-N codoped ZnO film has high optical quality and displays the stronger near band edge (NBE) emission in the temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectrum, the acceptor energy level was estimated to be located at 125 meV above the valence band.     

啁啾匹配和同步抖动对光参量啁啾脉冲放大的影响

 通过研究光参量啁啾脉冲放大过程转换效率随泵浦光啁啾参数的变化,以及信号光和泵浦光波长的对应关系,确立了信号光和泵浦光同步时实现线性啁啾匹配的方法。以磷酸二氢钾作为非线性晶体,研究了信号光和泵浦光之间的线性啁啾匹配和时间同步抖动对光参量啁啾脉冲放大后信号光脉冲波形和转换效率的影响。结果表明：在时间同步的情况下,线性啁啾匹配时的信号光脉冲波形很对称,转换效率也较高;在同步抖动程度一定的情况下,不同泵浦光啁啾参数时,信号光的增益及放大后的脉冲波形差异较大;在线性啁啾匹配程度一定时,信号光和泵浦光时间同步抖动越严重,放大信号光的脉冲波形变化越大,信号光增益越小,且转换效率也越低。     

Redox-active cross-linkable poly(ionic liquid)s

The synthesis of a new class of cross-linkable redox-responsive poly(ferrocenylsilane)-based poly(ionic liquid)s (PFS-PILs) is reported. PFS-PILs self-cross-link at low concentrations into nanogels or form macroscopic hydrogel networks at higher concentrations. PFS-PILs proved to be efficient dispersants in the microemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate, producing stable PFS-poly(methyl methacrylate) latex suspensions.     

Fluorogenic and chromogenic probe for rapid detection of a nerve agent simulant DCP

A fluorogenic and visual probe was devised to detect diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP), a nerve agent simulant. The probe, N-(rhodamine B)-lactam-2-aminoethanol (RB-AE), undergoes oxazoline formation following phosphorylation in the presence of DCP, which gives rapid and clear fluorescence and color change in the assay solutions.     

Time-resolved self-assembly of a fullerene-topology core-shell cluster containing 68 uranyl polyhedra

A complex core-shell cluster consisting of 68 uranyl peroxo polyhedra, 16 nitrate groups, and ~44 K(+) and Na(+) cations was obtained by self-assembly in alkaline aqueous solution under ambient conditions. Crystals formed after a month and were characterized. The cluster, designated as {U(1)?U(28)?U(40R)}, contains a fullerene-topology cage built from 28 uranyl polyhedra. A ring consisting of 40 uranyl polyhedra linked into five-membered rings and 16 nitrate groups surrounds this cage cluster. Topological pentagons in the cage and ring are aligned, and their corresponding rings of uranyl bipyramids are linked through K(+) cations located between the two shells. A partially occupied U site is located at the center of the cluster. Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry demonstrated that the U(28) cage cluster formed in solution within an hour, whereas the U(40R) shell formed around the cage cluster after more than several days.     

Medium range order of bulk metallic glasses determined by variable resolution fluctuation electron microscopy

Variable resolution fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) experiments are implemented with hollow-cone dark-field transmission electron microscopy. Medium range order lengths of zirconium and iron based bulk metallic glasses and amorphous silicon nitride are determined from the FEM results. It shows that maximum normalized intensity variances of FEM images occur when their nominal resolution approaches the correlation length Λ of the amorphous materials. Additionally, differences in the length and magnitude of medium range order are compared between metallic and covalent bond amorphous materials.     

随机间距稀疏三元Toeplitz矩阵相位掩模压缩成像

压缩成像是一种基于压缩传感(CS)理论的新成像方法,其优点是可以用比传统的Nyquist采样定理所需测量数目少得多的测量值重建原稀疏或可压缩图像。在研究Bernoulli和Toeplitz测量矩阵的基础上,提出一种新的随机间距稀疏三元Toeplitz相位掩模矩阵。实验结果表明,在可压缩双透镜成像系统中,与Bernoulli和Bernoulli-Toeplitz相位掩模矩阵相比,新相位掩模矩阵的成像信噪比与之相当。但是随机独立变元个数和非零元个数显著减少,在数据存储与传输时更具优势,物理上更易实现,甚至重建时间是只有它们的21%～66%。     

基于像素结构空间光调制器的全息再现像问题研究

基于纯相位空间光调制器的全息显示系统在重构显示时,再现像的视觉效果受到空间光调制器像素结构引起的多级衍射光和多级再现像的干扰。在分析具有有限填充因子空间光调制器的像素结构对再现像影响的基础上,提出了一种提高全息再现像的视觉效果并且再现像成像位置和大小可调节的方法。先加载闪耀光栅到纯相位全息图,其次通过叠加会聚球面波相位,分离再现像与空间光调制器像素结构引起的多级衍射光的聚焦平面的位置,再利用光阑和高通滤波器的共同作用,消除高级衍射光、多级再现像以及零级光干扰对重构视觉效果的影响,最后引入成像透镜,调节再现像的成像位置与大小。建立了一套基于硅基液晶的全息显示系统用于实验验证。实验结果表明,最终的单一再现像清晰且可以方便地调节成像位置和大小。该方法同样适用于各种基于像素结构空间光调制器的全息光学系统。