Solid-State Isolation of Cyclic Alkyl(Amino) Carbene (cAAC)-Supported Structurally Diverse Alkali Metal-Phosphinidenides

Cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAAC)-supported, structurally diverse alkali metal-phosphinidenides 2 – 5 of general formula ((cAAC)P-M)_n(THF)_x [ 2 : M=K, n=2, x=4; 3 : M=K, n=6, x=2; 4 : M=K, n=4, x=4; 5 : M=Na, n=3, x=1] have been synthesized by the reduction of cAAC-stabilized chloro-phosphinidene cAAC=P-Cl ( 1 ) utilizing metallic K or KC₈ and Na-naphthalenide as reducing agents. Complexes 2 – 5 have been structurally characterized in solid state by NMR studies and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The proposed mechanism for the electron transfer process has been well-supported by cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The solid state oligomerization process has been observed to be largely dependent on the ionic radii of alkali metal ions, steric bulk of cAAC ligands and solvation/de-solvation/recombination of the dimeric unit [(cAAC)P-M(THF)_x]₂.     

Iterative in situ click chemistry assembles a branched capture agent and allosteric inhibitor for Akt1

We describe the use of iterative in situ click chemistry to design an Akt-specific branched peptide triligand that is a drop-in replacement for monoclonal antibodies in multiple biochemical assays. Each peptide module in the branched structure makes unique contributions to affinity and/or specificity resulting in a 200 nM affinity ligand that efficiently immunoprecipitates Akt from cancer cell lysates and labels Akt in fixed cells. Our use of a small molecule to preinhibit Akt prior to screening resulted in low micromolar inhibitory potency and an allosteric mode of inhibition, which is evidenced through a series of competitive enzyme kinetic assays. To demonstrate the efficiency and selectivity of the protein-templated in situ click reaction, we developed a novel QPCR-based methodology that enabled a quantitative assessment of its yield. These results point to the potential for iterative in situ click chemistry to generate potent, synthetically accessible antibody replacements with novel inhibitory properties.     

Computer simulation of viscous fingering in a lifting Hele-Shaw cell with grooved plates

We simulate viscous fingering generated by separating two plates with a constant force, in a lifting Hele-Shaw cell. Variation in the patterns for different fluid viscosity and lifting force is studied. Viscous fingering is strongly affected by anisotropy. We report a computer simulation study of fingering patterns, where circular or square grooves are etched on to the lower plate. Results are compared with experiments.     

ARMMS: Analogical reasoning model management system for multicriteria vehicle scheduling

The transportation industry problem of scheduling vehicles combines the spatial characteristics of routing with time domain considerations of activity schedules. The problem is complex because of the numerous interacting constraints in the spatial and time domains. Further, some of the constraints are flexible and some arise in real-time. The scheduling problem is often presented with multiple objectives that are not all economic in nature and which can be contradictory to one another. In response to these needs, this paper describes an analogical reasoning model management system, called ARMMS, designed in the domain of vehicle scheduling. ARMMS consists of knowledge bases and data bases, a truth maintenance system, a user interface, an inference engine, a learning mechanism, and a model library. Given a scheduling problem, ARMMS searches its memory for solutions. If no solution is available, ARMMS falls back on an analogical problem solving approach in which similar experience can be recalled, and solutions to new, but similar, problems can be constructed. If no similar experience exists, ARMMS intelligently selects an appropriate algorithmic model from its model library, based on the input parameters and problem type, to solve the given problem. By combining experts' knowledge, analogical problem-solving approaches, and algorithmic methods, ARMMS provides an efficient problem-solving approach for vehicle scheduling and routing. ARMMS is also a feasible base for the development of intelligent model management systems.     

Almost strict competitiveness in extensive games

We consider an extension of an almost strictly competitive game, introduced by Aumann (1961), inn-person extensive games by incorporating Selten's subgame perfection. We call it a subgame perfect weakly-almost (SPWA) strictly competitive game, in particular, an SPWA strictly competitive game in strategic form is simply called a WA strictly competitive game. We give some general results on the structure of this class of games. One result gives an easy way to verify almost strict competitiveness of a given extensive game. We show that a two-person weakly unilaterally competitive extensive game, introduced by Kats and Thisse (1992) for normal form games, is SPWA strictly competitive. We remark that some of our main results for SPWA strictly competitive games do not hold for the modification of almost strict competitiveness with trembling-hand perfection.The author is indebted to Mamoru Kaneko for valuable discussions, comments and criticism throughout the paper. He thanks N. Bose, M. Frascatore, R. Gilles, H. Haller, A. Kats, J. Kline and an anonymous referee for helpful comments on earlier drafts. The usual disclaimer applies.     

Six quark cluster effects and Λ-binding energy difference between the mirror hypernuclei Λ 4 He and Λ 4 He

The lambda binding energy difference between two mirror hypernuclei _Λ ⁴ He and _Λ ⁴ He is studied by incorporating the quark structure of nucleons, specially the six quark cluster effects. A small contribution in the binding energy difference (59 keV in the non-relativistic quark model and 29 keV in the bag model) is obtained in the present work.     

Influence of quantization of band states on the thermoelectric power in II–VI semiconductors

Summary An attempt is made to present a simplified analysis of the thermoelectric power in II–VI semiconductors in the presence of quantization of band states under different physical conditions. The thermopower decreases with increasing electron concentration in different manners, which is a direct consequence of band state quantization. We have plotted the thermopower with various other physical variables and the same power exhibits different types of oscillations in low-dimensions, respectively. The well-known results for parabolic energy bands have also been obtained as special cases of our generalized formulations under certain limiting conditions. In addition, the theoretical results are in quantitative agreement with the experimental data.     

Core polarization and magnetic moment of some odd-mass nuclei around N = 50

The effect of core polarization on the magnetic moment is studied for odd-mass nuclei around $\text{N = 50:}{}^{\mathrm{85,\; 87}}\text{Kr}\text{,}{}^{\mathrm{87,\; 89}}\text{Sr}\text{,}{}^{91}\text{Zr and}{}^{89}\text{Y}$. The calculation is done in the framework of the modified Tamm-Dancoff approximation (MTDA). The ground-state wave function is calculated using the configuration space of p?f$\text{\$}\text{?}$and ?dg$\text{\$}\text{?}$shells. The core polarization correction to the magnetic moment is considerable for all the nuclei, except ⁸⁹Y, and it depends upon the particular form of the interaction. For ⁸⁹Y the last odd proton is in the $\text{p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ level and the smallness of the correction is supported by the observed value of the magnetic moment.     

Heat transfer in a corner flow

The paper describes a method of evaluating heat transfer in corner flow of an incompressible fluid with suction

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Wärmeübertragung in einer Eckenströmung

Zusammenfassung Der Aufsatz beschreibt eine Methode zur Berechnung des Wärmeübergangs bei Strömung eines inkompressiblen Fluids in eine Ecke mit Absaugung.