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51.
ABSTRACTZigzag patterns were successfully generated in the twist-bend nematic (NTB) phase of 1-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yl)-6-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yloxy)hexane (CB6OCB) via simple surface treatment. A detailed microscopy study using polarised optical microscopy and fluorescence confocal polarising microscopy was performed to observe the director arrangement in the zigzags, where distinctive periodic patterns were found to be aligned perpendicular to the rubbing direction. These patterns originate from the structural instability and generation of splay deformation with focal conic domain-like structures that are typically found in smectic phases, revealing that the NTB phase has physical properties similar to those of the smectic phase. Observation of these unusual zigzag patterns in the NTB phase opens an avenue for use of this phase in potential applications such as optical modulators and gratings. 相似文献
52.
The modification of coatings resins by graft polymerization of vinylidene chloride should produce a coatings binder with improved barrier properties. For superior color stability, vinylidene chloride must be copolymer-ized with other monomers such as alkyl acrylates and methacrylates. Ceric ion initiation was used to graft vinylidene chloride free-radically onto a model alcohol-containing polymer, polyvinyl alcohol. The effects of various reaction parameters on vinylidene chloride grafting were studied. Graft copolymers were characterized using selective solvent extraction, FTIR, SEM, XES, DSC, and x-ray diffraction. 相似文献
53.
Andresen GB Ashkezari MD Baquero-Ruiz M Bertsche W Bowe PD Butler E Cesar CL Chapman S Charlton M Deller A Eriksson S Fajans J Friesen T Fujiwara MC Gill DR Gutierrez A Hangst JS Hardy WN Hayden ME Humphries AJ Hydomako R Jonsell S Madsen N Menary S Nolan P Olin A Povilus A Pusa P Robicheaux F Sarid E Silveira DM So C Storey JW Thompson RI van der Werf DP Wurtele JS Yamazaki Y;ALPHA Collaboration 《Physical review letters》2011,106(14):145001
Charges in cold, multiple-species, non-neutral plasmas separate radially by mass, forming centrifugally separated states. Here, we report the first detailed measurements of such states in an electron-antiproton plasma, and the first observations of the separation dynamics in any centrifugally separated system. While the observed equilibrium states are expected and in agreement with theory, the equilibration time is approximately constant over a wide range of parameters, a surprising and as yet unexplained result. Electron-antiproton plasmas play a crucial role in antihydrogen trapping experiments. 相似文献
54.
M. C. Fujiwara G. Andresen W. Bertsche A. Boston P. D. Bowe C. L. Cesar S. Chapman M. Charlton M. Chartier A. Deutsch J. Fajans R. Funakoshi D. R. Gill K. Gomberoff J. S. Hangst W. N. Hardy R. S. Hayano R. Hydomako M. J. Jenkins L. V. Jørgensen L. Kurchaninov N. Madsen P. Nolan K. Olchanski A. Olin R. D. Page A. Povilus F. Robicheaux E. Sarid D. M. Silveira J. W. Storey R. I. Thompson D. P. van der Werf J. S. Wurtele Y. Yamazaki 《Hyperfine Interactions》2006,172(1-3):81-89
ALPHA is an international project that has recently begun experimentation at CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility.
The primary goal of ALPHA is stable trapping of cold antihydrogen atoms with the ultimate goal of precise spectroscopic comparisons
with hydrogen. We discuss the status of the ALPHA project and the prospects for antihydrogen trapping. 相似文献
55.
Lisa K. Kemp Andrew B. Donnalley Robson F. Storey 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(10):3229-3240
tert-Chloride-terminated polyisobutylenes (PIB) (1020 ≤ Mn ≤ 6700 g/mol) were dehydrochlorinated nonregiospecifically using basic alumina, or regiospecifically either via potassium tert-butoxide or in situ quenching of quasiliving PIB. Olefin-terminated PIBs were quantitatively ozonized at −78 °C using hexane/methylene chloride/methanol, 62/31/7 (v/v/v) cosolvents, and an ozone generator, employing pure oxygen as source gas. The primary ozonides were reduced using trimethyl phosphite to yield pure PIB methyl ketone from exo-olefin PIB, and a mixture of PIB methyl ketone and PIB aldehyde from mixed olefin-PIB. PIB methyl ketone was oxidized to carboxylate via the haloform reaction; titration revealed near-quantitative functionalization, but the reaction was slow. Tetrahalomethane oxidation was identified as a preferred alternative method, and was conducted using either CCl4 as the reaction solvent, THF as the solvent with CCl4 in reagent amounts, or hexane as the solvent with a phase-transfer catalyst and CCl4 in reagent amounts. The system using hexane, with tetra-n-butyl ammonium chloride as phase-transfer catalyst, showed complete conversion in ∼ 4 h. PIB carboxylic acid was recovered by acidification and isolation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3229–3240, 2008 相似文献
56.
The microwave spectrum of urea has been recorded between 5 and 50 GHz. The rotational constants obtained from a least-squares fit of 47 b-type transitions are A = 11233.333, B = 10369.369, C = 5416.668 MHz. Centrifugal distortion constants were evaluated subject to the planarity constraints, giving satisfactory agreement up to at least J = 20. They are: τaaaa = ?0.04423, τbbbb = ?0.04075, τaabb = 0.02268, τabab = ?0.02806. The diagonal elements of the nuclear quadrupole coupling tensor are χaa = 2.16, χbb = 1.88, χcc = ?4.04. The dipole moment is μ = μb = 3.83 D (12.8 × 10?30 Cm). 相似文献
57.
Glucose isomerase was immobilized by itself and coimmobilized with cellulase and β-glucosidase using a polyurethane foam (Hypol® FHP 2002). Approximately 50% of the enzyme added was immobilized. The immobilized enzyme was active at pH values as low as 6.8. When immobilized alone, the Km for Mg2+ increased by 5.5fold and the Km for fructose increased 62%. The half-life of the immobilized glucose isomerase was approximately 160 h of continuous hydrolysis, with a substantial (about 35–40%) amount of activity remaining even after 1000 h. When all three enzymes were immobilized together, the system was found capable of functioning at pH 7.0 to produce fructose from both soluble and insoluble cellulose substrates. At this pH, the glucose:fructose ratio was 70:30. The advantageous properties of the foam as a support for enzyme immobilization and the efficiency of the one-step conversion process outlined combine to make this system appear valuable for use in high fructose syrup production. 相似文献
58.
David A. Mountz Robson F. Storey Kenneth A. Mauritz 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2005,43(7):764-776
A Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance technique was used to study the diffusion of water through poly(styrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐styrene) block copolymers (BCPs), as well as sulfonated (H+) and Na+‐sulfonated ionomer versions. Diffusion data were collected and interpreted for these membranes versus polystyrene block composition, degree of sulfonation, Na+ ion content in the ionomers, and the effect of initially dry versus prehydrated conditions. An “early time” diffusion coefficient, D, decreased with increasing percent polystyrene for a series of unmodified BCPs. D decreased with increasing degree of sulfonation, and with increasing ion content for the Na+‐exchanged samples and this was interpreted in terms of diffusion limitations caused by a strong tendency for ion hydration. The method also yielded information relating to the time evolution of water structure from the standpoint of degree of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Membrane prehydration causes profound increases in D for both the unmodified BCP and sulfonated samples, as in plasticization. The simultaneous acquisition of information relating to interactions between water molecules and interactions of water molecules with functional groups on the host polymer matrix offers more information than conventional diffusion measurement techniques that simply count transported molecules. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 764–776, 2005 相似文献
59.
The aroma profile of cocoa products was investigated by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). SPME fibers coated with 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane coating (PDMS), 65 μm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene coating (PDMS-DVB), 75 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane coating (CAR-PDMS) and 50/30 μm divinylbenzene/carboxen on polydimethylsiloxane on a StableFlex fiber (DVB/CAR-PDMS) were evaluated. Several extraction times and temperature conditions were also tested to achieve optimum recovery. Suspensions of the samples in distilled water or in brine (25% NaCl in distilled water) were investigated to examine their effect on the composition of the headspace. The SPME fiber coated with 50/30 μm DVB/CAR-PDMS afforded the highest extraction efficiency, particularly when the samples were extracted at 60 °C for 15 min under dry conditions with toluene as an internal standard. Forty-five compounds were extracted and tentatively identified, most of which have previously been reported as odor-active compounds. The method developed allows sensitive and representative analysis of cocoa products with high reproducibility. Further research is ongoing to study chocolate making processes using this method for the quantitative analysis of volatile compounds contributing to the flavor/odor profile. 相似文献
60.
Andresen G Bertsche W Boston A Bowe PD Cesar CL Chapman S Charlton M Chartier M Deutsch A Fajans J Fujiwara MC Funakoshi R Gill DR Gomberoff K Hangst JS Hayano RS Hydomako R Jenkins MJ Jørgensen LV Kurchaninov L Madsen N Nolan P Olchanski K Olin A Povilus A Robicheaux F Sarid E Silveira DM Storey JW Telle HH Thompson RI van der Werf DP Wurtele JS Yamazaki Y;ALPHA Collaboration 《Physical review letters》2007,98(2):023402
We have demonstrated storage of plasmas of the charged constituents of the antihydrogen atom, antiprotons and positrons, in a Penning trap surrounded by a minimum-B magnetic trap designed for holding neutral antiatoms. The neutral trap comprises a superconducting octupole and two superconducting, solenoidal mirror coils. We have measured the storage lifetimes of antiproton and positron plasmas in the combined Penning-neutral trap, and compared these to lifetimes without the neutral trap fields. The magnetic well depth was 0.6 T, deep enough to trap ground state antihydrogen atoms of up to about 0.4 K in temperature. We have demonstrated that both particle species can be stored for times long enough to permit antihydrogen production and trapping studies. 相似文献