开边界条件下一类新Hubbard模型的精确解

用坐标Bethe ansatz方法详细研究了开边界条件下一类新Hubbard模型的可积性问题. 得到了系统的能谱、可积边界条件和Bethe ansatz方程.     

Competition Between Self-birth and Catalyzed Death in Aggregation Growth with Catalysis Injection

We propose two irreversible aggregation growth models of aggregates of two distinct species (A and B) to study the interactions between virus aggregates and medicine efficacy aggregates in the virus-medicine cooperative evolution system. The A-species aggregates evolve driven by self monomer birth andB-species aggregate-catalyzed monomer death in model I and by self birth, catalyzed death, and self monomer exchange reactions in model II, while the catalyst B-species aggregates are assumed to be injected into the system sustainedly or at a periodic time-dependent rate. The kinetic behaviors of the A-species aggregates are investigated by the rate equation approach based on the mean-field theory with the self birth rate kernel I_A(K)=Ik, catalyzed death rate kernel J_AB(k)=Jk and self exchange rate kernel K_A(k,l)=Kkl. The kinetic behaviors of the A-species aggregates are mainly dominated by the competition between the two effects of the self birth (with the effective rate I) and the catalyzed death (with the effective rate JB₀), while the effects of the self exchanges of the A-species aggregates which appear in an effectiverate KA₀ play important roles in the cases of I>JB₀ and I=JB₀. The evolution behaviors of the total mass M^A(t)₁ and the total aggregate number M^A(t)₀ are obtained, and the aggregate size distribution a_k(t) of species A is found toapproach a generalized scaling form in the case of I ≧ JB₀ and a special modified scaling form in the case of I0. The periodical evolution of the B-monomers concentration plays an exponential form of the periodic modulation.     

重庆地区露天石刻早期封护材料老化产物及其影响研究

重庆市市委会办公大楼旧址前有一组露天存放的清代砂岩石狮子,表面覆盖着黑色硬壳状物质, 发生大面积脱落,起翘和卷曲。为了揭示黑色硬壳状结构组成,研究其形成过程及对文物产生的影响,利用环境扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X-射线衍射仪(XRD),X-射线荧光光谱仪(XRF),傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)对黑色硬壳及文物表层砂岩样品进行了检测分析研究。结果发现：黑色硬壳断面Mapping元素分布图显示其分为底漆层,中间层和表层,系石刻早期封护层的老化产物;中间层含有立德粉(硫化锌和硫酸钡),黑色外观源于表层中含铅颜料(铅白)变色形成黑色硫化铅及树脂碳化所致;红外光谱与光电子能谱显示出黑色硬壳中含有强的羟基(-OH)特征峰,说明封护层中有机物老化后形成了大量羟基,从而增强了自身亲水性,造成易吸水溶胀与干燥收缩情况,导致大面积脱落,起翘和卷曲现象;黑色硬壳起翘和卷曲部位与下层石刻表面之间形成了易于积水的微空隙,能够聚集雨水中的有害物质,造成石刻表层岩石发生腐蚀,例如黑色硬壳背面及下层岩石表面中高含量硬石膏(CaSO₄),经生水化作用后转化为石膏(CaSO₄·2H₂O),发生体积膨胀造成岩石表面松动和酥粉。因此,当露天文物表面上封护层已老化时,及时地进行清除是十分必要的。     

无富集进样原子荧光光谱法测定地表水中的痕量汞

通过增大样品进样量的方式,样品进样量是标准进样量的10-100倍,降低了汞的检出限,从而达到了无富集直接进样测定地表水中痕量汞.其检出限为0.008μg/L;浓度为0.05μg/L和0.10μg/L左右的有证标准物质测定均值分别为0.0483μg/L和0.1016μg/L,加标回收率为92.3％和95.2％.灵敏度高,精密度好,能达到准确定量Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类地表水汞(0.05μg/L以下)的要求.对汉江湖北段水样进行测定,在较洁净的地表水分析中,氧化还原处理后与酸化水样测定结果差异不大,处理后水样结果略微增大.建议对较洁净的地表水样品将氧化还原预处理步骤省略掉,直接进样.     

Aggregation Processes with Catalysis-Driven Decomposition

We propose a three-species aggregation model with catalysis-driven decomposition. Based on the mean-field rate equations, we investigate the evoIution behavior of the system with the size-dependent catalysis-driven decomposition rate J（i; j; k） = Jijk^v and the constant aggregation rates. The results show that the cluster size distribution of the species without decomposition can always obey the conventional scaling law in the case of 0 ≤v ≤ 1, while the kinetic evolution of the decomposed species depends crucially on the index v. Moreover, the total size of the species without decomposition can keep a nonzero value at large times, while the total size of the decomposed species decreases exponentially with time and vanishes finally.     

HL-2A装置中性束发射光谱 诊断系统的研制与测试

在HL-2A装置上完成了一套32通道束发射诊断系统(BES),可对径向r=12~44cm, 极向-7.5~+7.5cm二维空间范围内的长波长()电子密度扰动信息进行测量,其时间分辨率达到0.5ms,空间分辨率1~2cm。系统由内置于真空室的非对称镜头组、传输光纤、高性能探测器模块以及辅助的冷却和真空设备构成。系统的噪声在低频时(f<100kHz)主要由散粒噪声贡献,在较高频率时由散粒噪声和e噪声共同决定。在典型的HL-2A装置放电模式中,对于200kHz以下的扰动,该系统的信噪比(SNR)均大于3。     

电磁波在左右手介质界面折射与反射特性的研究

研究了电磁波在左右手介质界面折射与反射的特性,给出了折射系数和反射系数,从另外一个方面探讨了最小作用量原理在左手材料中的适用性;从电动力学和最小作用量原理证明了Snell定律,验证了Snell定律在左手材料中的适用性,并且得到Fresnell公式在左右手材料中的一致性.     

紫外辐射对小牛胸腺DNA水溶液影响的拉曼光谱研究

报道了小牛胸腺DNA水溶液经9,20,40min紫外辐射的拉曼光谱图,紫外线的辐射照度为1868W·m-2。实验结果表明波长为2537nm的紫外光在起主要作用的紫外辐射对DNA的损伤是严重的,短短10min的紫外辐射就使1094cm-1这个强峰分裂成几个小峰,说明DNA的构象受到破坏,DNA的构型发生变化,部分单双键发生了断裂,出现了各种各样由于DNA键断裂产生的多核苷酸;4种碱基均受到不同程度的影响,碱基间的氢键造成断裂,其中嘧啶、嘌呤碱基受到的损伤较为严重;紫外辐射对脱氧核糖也产生了破坏。另外,该实验也表明,在水溶液中,DNA以B型结构为主,局部的A型结构仍然存在。     

Guiding Neutral Atoms with Two Current-Carrying Wires and a Vertical Bias Field on the Atom Chip

We demonstrate the guiding of neutral atoms with two parallel microfabricated current-carrying wires on the atom chip and a vertical magnetic bias field. The atoms are guided along a magnetic field minimum parallel to the current-carrying wires and confined in the other two directions. We describe in detail how the precooled atoms are efficiently loaded into the two-wire guide. We present a detailed experimental study of the motional properties of the atoms in the guide and the relationship between the location of the guide and the vertical bias field. This two-wire guide with vertical bias field can be used to realize large area atom interferometer.     

一种非接触式稀土荧光自参比温度传感器

发展了一种非接触式稀土荧光自参比温度传感器,即将有机稀土配合物K[Yb(Az)₄]包埋在苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物中,并附着在洁净的石英片上制备得到了温度传感薄膜Yb@PSMM。通过研究不同温度下Yb3+的荧光发射光谱,利用其在近红外波段荧光性质随温度变化的规律,开发了一种比率型稀土荧光温度传感方法,其原理是通过不同温度下Yb3+的荧光发射光谱的形状随温度的变化,结合在不同温度下Yb3+的核外电子在外层Stark劈裂亚能级上的分布符合Boltzmann分布律的特点,利用其近红外荧光发射光谱中900 nm~990 nm波长范围内与990~1 150 nm波长范围内的积分峰面积比的自然对数与温度的倒数呈现的线性关系作为温度测量的标准曲线,实现了-195~105 ℃范围内的温度精确测量。经考察,该发光温度传感器在0 ℃附近的温度测量分辨率达到了0.1 ℃。与已报道的发光温度传感器相比,提出的新型温度传感器具有如下几个优势：其一,所选用的发光材料的Stokes位移大于500 nm,有效地避免了环境背景干扰;其二,由于采用荧光积分峰面积而非荧光强度作为考察对象,大大减小了测量中由于仪器或测量次数较少引入的随机误差;其三,采用同一发光材料的荧光发射光谱中两个荧光峰面积的比值,相当于在体系中引入了自参比,有效避免了由于荧光材料的浓度、几何构型以及光源强度等外界因素变化对测量结果产生的影响;其四,利用稀土发光材料作为温度传感材料,可以利用其荧光寿命长、单色性好、强度高的特点;其五,温度传感膜本身不溶于水,也不在水中扩散,便于直接测量原位温度变化;其六,Yb3+的发光位于900~1 150 nm的近红外波长范围,而这个波段的荧光具有较好的穿透性使得该温度传感器有望在复杂体系的温度传感、成像等领域发挥重要作用。在实际测量的装置中,通过调整光路使得辐照在样品上的入射光斑大小仅约为1 mm2,并将Yb@PSMM固体膜样品的放置方向与入射激发光的夹角设置为225°,从而规避了入射光源的反射光对检测器的影响,而具有较好穿透能力的近红外荧光几乎不受影响,从而进一步确保了该温度传感器的测量结果。