Atmospheric gamma-rays of 1–200 GeV over Hyderabad

Using a stack of hypersensitized nuclear emulsions, exposed under 10.2 g.cm^?2 of residual atmosphere over Hyderabad, India, gamma-rays of energy > 1 GeV have been studied. It is found that the observed differential energy spectrum can be best represented by two power law spectra, one for energies less than 30 GeV and the other for higher energies but with the same spectral index of 2.6; however the intensities at energies greater than 30 GeV are about three times higher than what would be expected from the extrapolation of the spectrum at lower enerjies. The implication of this observation has been examined. The neutral pion production spectrum over Hyderabad has been derived from the gamma-ray spectrum. Using this information the energy spectrum of atmospheric electrons has been deduced and a comparison made with the observed spectrum below the geomagnetic threshold energy over Hyderabad; therefrom an upper limit of 0.5 particles/(m².sr.sec.) has been deduced for the flux of re-entrant albedo electrons above 2 GeV.     

Electrons magnetic fields and background radio emission in the galaxy

Extensive data now available on the non-thermal background radio emission from different celestial directions, and recent measurements on the energy spectrum of cosmic ray electrons in the vicinity of the earth permit one to deduce information on the mean magnetic fields and cosmic electron spectra needed to exist in different regions of the Galaxy. It is found that in order to explain quantitatively the background radio brightness distributions from the Galaxy one needs (i) the same or nearly same electron spectrum that exists in the near interstellar space, to exist in almost all regions of Galactic space, (ii) a mean magnetic field close to 6×10^?6 Gauss in the Disc in the direction of the Anti-centre, (iii) a mean magnetic field close to 2·5×10^?6 Gauss in the radio Halo and (iv) a mean magnetic field probably close to 9·5×10^?6 Gauss towards the Galactic Ridge in the direction of the Centre. Some inferences are also drawn on the confinement of cosmic rays in the Galaxy.     

Implosion of indirectly driven reentrant-cone shell target

We have examined the implosion of an indirectly driven reentrant-cone shell target to clarify the issues attendant on compressing fuel for a fast ignition target. The target design is the hydrodynamic equivalent of a NIF cryoignition target scaled to be driven by Omega. Implosions were imaged with backlit x radiographs and modeled with LASNEX. The simulations were generally in good agreement with the experiments with respect to the shell diameter, density, and symmetry, but did not show the prestagnation central absorption maximum. The existence of material between the original cone and the shell is sensitive to gold M-band radiation, which penetrates the shell and ablates gold from the cone. The simulated radiographs using recently measured M-band fractions showed absorption between the cone and shell similar to the experiment. This gold ablation might be a problem in a cryoignition target.     

High-spin structure of N\simeq Z nuclei around the A = 72 region

High-spin states have been studied in ⁷²Kr and ⁷²Br using the ⁴⁰Ca + ⁴⁰Ca and ³⁶Ar + ⁴⁰Ca reactions at 164 and 145 MeV, respectively. The properties and configurations of the high-spin bands observed have been interpreted using unpaired cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS), and for ⁷²Kr, paired cranked relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (CRHB) calculations. In ⁷²Kr a new band has been identified that has the properties expected for the doubly aligned S-band configuration. In ⁷²Br the previously known bands have been extended to higher spin. This has lead to a re-interpretation of the configurations.Received: 31 October 2002, Published online: 24 February 2004PACS: 21.10.Re Collective levels - 23.20.Lv transitions and level energies - 27.50. + e      

Large volume growth and finite topological type

It is shown in this paper that a complete noncompact -dimensional Riemannian manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature, sectional curvature bounded from below, and large volume growth is of finite topological type provided that the volume growth rate of the complement of the cone of rays from a fixed base point is less than .

     

Cross section for b-Jet production in &pmacr;p collisions at radicals = 1.8 TeV

Bottom-quark production in &pmacr;p collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.8 TeV is studied with 5 pb(-1) of data collected in 1995 by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The differential production cross section for b jets in the central rapidity region ( | y(b)|<1) as a function of jet transverse energy is extracted from a muon-tagged jet sample. Within experimental and theoretical uncertainties, D0 results are found to be higher than, but compatible with, next-to-leading-order QCD predictions.     

Spin correlation in t&tmacr; production from p&pmacr; collisions at radicals = 1.8 TeV

The D0 collaboration has performed a study of spin correlation in t&tmacr; production for the process t&tmacr;-->bW(+)&bmacr;W-, where the W bosons decay to enu or &mgr;nu. A sample of six events was collected during an exposure of the D0 detector to an integrated luminosity of approximately 125 pb(-1) of sqrt[s] = 1.8 TeV p&pmacr; collisions. The standard model (SM) predicts that the short lifetime of the top quark ensures the transmission of any spin information at production to the t&tmacr; decay products. The degree of spin correlation is characterized by a correlation coefficient kappa. We find that kappa>-0.25 at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the SM prediction of kappa = 0.88.     

Microwave ultrasonics-some physical aspects

Discussions concerning Debye's theory of vibratory motion in solids and Brillouin's method for detecting the Debye waves are presented. Mention is made of the fundamental research now being carried out into microwave ultrasound for use in high speed data processing devices. The paper serves as an introduction to the article ‘Microsound components, circuits, and their applications’ presented elsewhere in this issue of ULTRASONICS by E. Stern.     

Long-range interactions of excited hydrogen atoms

Accurate calculations are reported of the first and second-order long-range interactions of a hydrogen atom in its ground state and a hydrogen atom in the excited 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d states. The connections with the spectroscopic states of molecular hydrogen are established. First-order mixing occurs for the n = 3 states and the form of the long-range interaction is complicated.