Preparation and characterization of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex of eugenol: differential pulse voltammetry and (1)H-NMR

The objective of present investigation was to improve the solubility of Eugenol by preparing the inclusion complex of Eugenol with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-β-CD) and characterize the prepared complex by using NMR and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Phase solubility curve was plotted using Hp-β-CD in ranging from 0-40 mM of Hp-β-CD and found to be linear. Therefore, inclusion complex was prepared in equimolar ratio of Eugenol and Hp-β-CD by lyophilization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), (1)H-NMR and DPV were performed for Eugenol, Hp-β-CD and prepared inclusion complex of Eugenol. 2D (two dimensional) NMR was also performed for prepared inclusion complex. The proton of phenol moiety of Eugenol experienced a pronounced chemical shift variation in (1)H-NMR. The positive sign of the variation for proton in (1)H-NMR indicated that the proton was located near to an oxygen atom in the Hp-β-CD cavity and its magnitude showed a strong interaction between -OH proton of Eugenol and Hp-β-CD. 2D NMR confirms the interaction between phenolic group and hydrogen atoms of Hp-β-CD. A well defined anodic peak current corresponding to oxidation of Eugenol in non-encapsulated and Hp-β-CD-Eugenol inclusion complex in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) was obtained at about 0.35 V and 0.40 V, respectively. The positive shift in oxidation potential indicated the formation of complex via hydrophobic interactions. The oxidant power of Eugenol was retained in complex form as indicated by DPV results. Thus, its oxidation dependent pharmacological property such as antimicrobial activity is not affected after complexation with Hp-β-CD. Thus, (1)H-NMR, 2D-NMR and DPV techniques can be used as valuable tools to determine the mechanism of complexation and state of electrochemical active drug in inclusion complex.     

Syntheses,characterization, X-ray crystal structures and emission properties of copper(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes of pyridyl–pyrazole derived Schiff base ligand – Metal selective ligand binding modes

The varying coordination modes of the title ligand, L [5-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-N′-[pyridin-2-ylmethylidene]pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide] towards the different metal centers is reported by preparation and characterization of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes, [Cu(L)NO₃.H₂O](NO₃) (1) [Zn(L)₂](ClO₄)₂·2DMF (2) and [Cd(L)(I)₂] (3) respectively. In 1, the neutral ligand serves as tetradentate 4 N donor where both pyridine and pyrazole nitrogen atoms of pyridyl–pyrazole part are coordinatively active, leaving the carbonyl oxygen of the carbohydrazide part inactive. The same pyridine and pyrazole N atoms remain abstained from the coordination process towards the Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal centers. For 2 and 3 the ligand behaves as a tridentate NNO donor where the two nitrogen atoms come from azomethine, pyridine of pyridine-2-carbaldehyde parts and O from carbonyl oxygen atoms (carbohydrazide part). The complex 1 and 2 are distorted octahedral while complex 3 adopts distorted square pyramidal geometry. All the complexes are X-ray crystallographically characterized.     

Extraction behavior of uranium(VI), plutonium(IV), zirconium(IV), ruthenium(III) and europium(III) with γ-pre-irradiated solutions of N,N′-methylbutyl substituted amides in n-dodecane

The extraction of plutonium(IV), uranium(VI), zirconium(IV), europium(III) and ruthenium(III) with -pre-irradiated n-dodecane solutions of methylbutyl substituted hexanamide (MBHA), octanamide (MBOA) and decanamide (MBDA) from 3.5M HNO₃ has been studied as a function of absorbed dose up to 184×10⁴ Gray. The distribution ratios (K_d) of uranium(VI) decreased gradually up to a dose of 50×10⁴ Gray and became almost constant thereafter, while ruthenium(III) and europium(III) were not extracted in the entire dose range studied. The K_d values of Pu(IV) decreased gradually up to 10×10⁴ Gray, for MBOA, and 30×10⁴ Gray for MBHA and MBDA and then increased up to a dose of 72×10⁴ Gray, indicating the synergistic effect of radiolytic products at higher doses. The extraction of zirconium(IV) was found to increase gradually up to 72×10⁴ Gray. However, the steep fall in K_d values of plutonium(IV), zirconium(IV) beyond a dose of 72×10⁴ Gray was atrributed to third phase formation. The radiolytic degradation of amides was monitored by quantitative IR spectroscopy and was found to follow the order MBOA>MBDA>MBHA at 184×10⁴ Gray having the amines and carboxylic acids as the main radiolytic products.     

Depolymerization and chemical modification of lignite coal byPseudomonas cepacia strain DLC-07

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Coal metabolizingPseudomonas cepacia DLC-07 was isolated from soil and shown to use soluble lignite coal as a carbon/energy source.Pseudomonas modified coal...     

Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of acetaldehyde by chromic acid in perchloric acid

Summary The oxidation of MeCHO by chromium(VI) has been studied in HClO₄ medium over a wide range of experimental conditions and has been found to obey the rate law;v=k[MeCHO][HCrO ₄ ^– ][H⁺]. The calculated H and-S values for the reaction are 30±2kJ mol^–1 and 171±7J mol^–1deg^–1, respectively. The mechanism is discussed in terms of carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage.     

Studies on pollutants: A new reagent for the detection of fluoride

A new solid analytical reagent is reported for the detection and semiquantitative determination of traces of fluoride. A blue (λ_max 590 nm) trypan blue dye is liberated from an insoluble zirconium-trypan blue complex by the action of fluoride in dilute acetic acid medium. The detection limit is 0.8 ppm and the range of semiquantitative determination is 0.8 to 8 ppm. The method is simple and can be conveniently used for field detection of fluoride in polluted waters.     

Magneto,spectral and thermal studies of lanthanide perchlorato complexes of 5,6-benzoquinoline

A new series of complexes of 5,6-benzoquinoline (Benzqn) with lanthanide perchlorates with the general composition Ln(ClO₄)₃·7Benzqn (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy or Ho) were synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, conductance, molecular weight and infrared spectra. The thermal behaviour of these complexes have also been studied.