Experimental investigations of the nuclear level density by using heavy ion reactions

The transition of the level density parameter a _off from the low excitation energy value a _off=A/8 MeV⁻¹ to the Fermi gas value a _FG ∼ A/15 MeV⁻¹ was discovered a few years ago studying particle spectra evaporated from hot compound systems of A∼ 160. A number of experiments have been recently performed to confirm the earlier findings and extend the investigation to other mass regions and to higher excitation energies. Furthermore, precision coincidence experiments have been done in the lead region in which evaporation residues are tagged by low energy gammarays. Those experiments open the possibility of a detailed study of the level densities in nuclei where the shell effects are important.     

Suppression of Small-Scale Magnetic Field Generation by Transformation of the Kinetic Energy Spectrum

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The stabilization of a small-scale dynamo caused by a change in the energy spectrum of a conducting plasma flow is investigated. Such a change in...     

Effective magnetic permeability of a turbulent fluid with macroferroparticles

A fully developed turbulent flow is capable to mix and homogenize a suspension of heavy macroscopic particles even at a high concentration of particles. If the particles are ferromagnetic, a kind of “turbulent ferrofluid" can be obtained. In the present work, we present a direct measurements of the effective magnetic permeability in a turbulent fluid with suspended ferromagnetic particles of typical size 0.01-0.1 mm and volume fraction c up to 25%. We show that the effective permeability can be fitted by the linear law = 1 + 5.3c for c? 10%. For higher volume fractions the permeability exceeds this linear relation. Received 11 January 2002     

Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals

We demonstrate the negative refraction of microwaves in a metallic photonic crystal prism. The spectral response of the photonic crystal prism, which manifests both positive and negative refraction, is in complete agreement with band-structure calculations and numerical simulations. The validity of Snell's law with a negative refractive index is confirmed experimentally and theoretically. The negative refraction observed corresponds to left-handed electromagnetism that arises due to the dispersion characteristics of waves in a periodic medium. This mechanism for negative refraction is different from that in metamaterials.     

Magnetic field rotation in the screw gallium flow

The magnetic field induced by the nonstationary screw flow of gallium in a toroidal channel has been investigated experimentally using a gallium prototype of the sodium apparatus developed in the frame of the experimental dynamo program at the Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Perm, Russia. The experimental set-up is a rapidly rotating toroidal channel subjected to abrupt braking. The screw flow is initiated by inertial forces pushing liquid gallium through diverters. The regular structure of the induced magnetic field is generated about 0.1 s after the stop of the channel and persists up to 1 s. The induced field is measured by sensors placed outside the channel. The inductive effects observed are attributed to the mean screw flow. The decay laws of the induced regular magnetic field and turbulent magnetic fluctuations are studied.Received: 27 August 2004, Published online: 5 November 2004PACS: 47.65. + a Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics - 07.55.Dd Generation of magnetic fields     

Static friction between elastic solids due to random asperities

Several workers have established that the Larkin domains for two three-dimensional nonmetallic elastic solids in contact with each other at a disordered but atomically flat interface are enormously large, implying that there should be negligible static friction per unit area in the macroscopic solid limit. In contrast, the present Letter argues that when the Larkin domains are calculated for disorder on the multiasperity scale, they are much smaller than the interface size. This can account for the virtual universal occurrence of static friction.