全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9192篇 |
免费 | 139篇 |
国内免费 | 37篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5639篇 |
晶体学 | 124篇 |
力学 | 286篇 |
数学 | 1045篇 |
物理学 | 2274篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 50篇 |
2020年 | 79篇 |
2019年 | 84篇 |
2017年 | 50篇 |
2016年 | 99篇 |
2015年 | 97篇 |
2014年 | 131篇 |
2013年 | 443篇 |
2012年 | 323篇 |
2011年 | 385篇 |
2010年 | 205篇 |
2009年 | 222篇 |
2008年 | 382篇 |
2007年 | 399篇 |
2006年 | 403篇 |
2005年 | 364篇 |
2004年 | 325篇 |
2003年 | 292篇 |
2002年 | 285篇 |
2001年 | 193篇 |
2000年 | 211篇 |
1999年 | 107篇 |
1998年 | 98篇 |
1997年 | 102篇 |
1996年 | 147篇 |
1995年 | 117篇 |
1994年 | 169篇 |
1993年 | 181篇 |
1992年 | 168篇 |
1991年 | 122篇 |
1990年 | 120篇 |
1989年 | 132篇 |
1988年 | 100篇 |
1987年 | 122篇 |
1986年 | 115篇 |
1985年 | 190篇 |
1984年 | 155篇 |
1983年 | 101篇 |
1982年 | 127篇 |
1981年 | 122篇 |
1980年 | 137篇 |
1979年 | 133篇 |
1978年 | 131篇 |
1977年 | 115篇 |
1976年 | 130篇 |
1975年 | 115篇 |
1974年 | 132篇 |
1973年 | 129篇 |
1972年 | 57篇 |
1971年 | 66篇 |
排序方式: 共有9368条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Abstract —Various low-potential viologen dyes enhance light-induced absorption changes in the near-infrared region (ΔA870) in chromatophore preparations from Rhodospirillum rubrum in the presence of dichlorophenol indophenol and a high concentration of ascorbate (DCPIP + asc). An increase in ΔA870 was also observed in large reaction-center preparations from R. rubrum with viologens in the presence of ascorbate. Our results indicate that E'0 , of the primary electron acceptor X may be as low as -0.37 V, as suggested recently by P. A. Loach (1973, personal communication). 相似文献
72.
Smith JT Tomfohr JK Wells MC Beebe TP Kepler TB Reichert WM 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(19):8279-8286
A novel technique for the quantitative observation of cell migration along linear gradient substrates functionalized with adhesive proteins is presented. Gradients of the cell adhesion molecule fibronectin are generated by the cross diffusion of functionalizable alkanethiols on gold and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance. Two distinct migration assays are described that characterize the movement of either sparsely populated noncontacting cells or a confluent monolayer of cells into free space. The drift speed of bovine aortic endothelial cells is measured and shown to increase along a fibronectin gradient when compared to a uniform control substrate using both assays. The results of these experiments establish reproducible conditions for studies of cell migration on gradients of surface-bound ligands. 相似文献
73.
Douglas F. Foster Barry S. Nicholls Anthony K. Smith 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》1982,236(3):395-402
Reactions of Rh6(CO)16 with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) gave Rh6(CO)14(dppm), Rh6(CO)12(dppm)2, or Rh6(CO)10(dppm)3, depending upon the reaction conditions. Rh4(CO)10(dppm) may be obtained from the reaction of Rh4(CO)12 with dppm, but this derivative rapidly decomposes in solution to give Rh4(CO)8(dppm)2, Rh6(CO)14(dppm), and Rh6(CO)12(dppm)2. Ir4(CO)10(dppm) and Ir4(CO)8(dppm)2 have also been prepared, and their structures are discussed on the basis of infrared and 31P NMR spectroscopic data. 相似文献
74.
The reactions of various fluoroaromatics, C6F6?xHx, and C6F5X (X = C6F6, Cl, Me, NO2, CF3, COCl, CH2Br, OMe, and NH2) with lead(II) benzenethiolate in DMF have been examined. Lead thiolate acted as an excellent source of benzenethiolate anions and displacement of fluorine, chlorine or the nitro group was observed. The new products have been characterized by elemental analysis, and NMR (H?1 and F?19), infrared and mass spectroscopy. 相似文献
75.
76.
The preparation and use of a stainless steel indicator electrode in the accurate potentiometric titration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide are described. The results agree excellently with those obtained by a standard colorimetric weight-titration procedure. The nature of the titration curves, potential changes and the factors affecting them are discussed. Rapid potentiometric titrations directly to the equivalence-point potential are possible, owing to the nature of the titration curve. 相似文献
77.
U Aebi R K Bijlenga B ten Heggeler J Kistler A C Steven P R Smith 《Journal of supramolecular structure》1976,5(4):475-495
A study has been made of the structure of the capsids of T4D giant phage produced from mutants in gene 23 and temperature-sensitive mutants in gene 24, and T4D and T2L giant phage formed by the addition of L-canavanine followed by an Larginine chase in the growth medium. All the giant phage capsids have been shown to be built according to the same geometrical architecture. This consists of a near-hexagonal surface net, lattice constant 129.5 A, folded into a left-handed T = 13 prolate icosahedron elongated along one of its fivefold symmetry axes. Their only apparent difference from wild-type T-even phage capsids is their abnormally elongated tubular part. A comparison of the capsomere morphologies and protein compositions of the giant phage capsids showed that all T4D giants are identical but differ from T2L: The T4D capsomere has a complex (6 + 6 + 1)-type morphology, whereas the T2L has a simple 6-type. T2L phage, however, lack two capsid proteins, "soc" and "hoc", present in T4D. The difference in capsomere morphology can therefore be related to the difference in the protein compositions of these two phage. Possible differences between the initiation and means of length regulation of giant phage heads and the aberrant polyheads are discussed. 相似文献
78.
Retrieving definitional content for ontology development 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ontology construction requires an understanding of the meaning and usage of its encoded concepts. While definitions found in dictionaries or glossaries may be adequate for many concepts, the actual usage in expert writing could be a better source of information for many others. The goal of this paper is to describe an automated procedure for finding definitional content in expert writing. The approach uses machine learning on phrasal features to learn when sentences in a book contain definitional content, as determined by their similarity to glossary definitions provided in the same book. The end result is not a concise definition of a given concept, but for each sentence, a predicted probability that it contains information relevant to a definition. The approach is evaluated automatically for terms with explicit definitions, and manually for terms with no available definition. 相似文献
79.
We have successfully prepared an unsymmetrical analogue of a Katsuki-type salen ligand having a single hydroxyalkyl group at its 6-position, and also its Mn(III) complex; attachment of the complex to a polymer gives a highly enantioselective and recoverable catalyst for epoxidation of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene. 相似文献
80.
Hixson KK Rodriguez N Camp DG Strittmatter EF Lipton MS Smith RD 《Electrophoresis》2002,23(18):3224-3232
A method for the complete peptide mapping of the model integral membrane protein bacteri-orhodopsin is demonstrated. Utilizing more effective enzymatic digestion, procedures with capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), all predicted tryptic digestion products were detected, as well as peptides from all previously reported post-translational modifications of bacteriorhodopsin. A significant contribution of chymotryptic-like digestion products was also observed. A characterization of the behavior of hydrophobic integral membrane peptides in a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation is also provided. The method reported here offers improved compatibility of the solubilizing reagents with both the chromatography and mass spectrometry, rendering it suitable for high-throughput proteomic applications. 相似文献