Synthesis of aminals and aminalacetals of α-substituted β-dimethylaminoacrolein

Conclusions Aminals and aminalacetals of -substituted -dimethylaminoacrolein were synthesized by the action of potassium methylate on meso-substituted trimethine salts in the presence of dimethylamine.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 106–111, January, 1988.     

An unusual reaction of trichloromethane with acylals in the interphase catalysis conditions.

Aldehyde diacetates react with trichloromethane in the standard interphase catalysis conditions to form α-trichloromethylcarbinols or their acetates depending on temperature and time of the reaction.     

Meteorological effects in the intensity of muon groups

The data of the experimental study of cosmic ray muon groups using the DEKOR setup for the period of 2004–2007, during which significant changes in the intensity of groups at the Earth’s surface were detected, are analyzed. It was found that these variations are caused by variations of weather conditions (temperature and atmospheric pressure); barometric and temperature coefficients were determined. It turned out that magnitudes of these coefficients for muon groups are significantly higher than available values for singlemuons. Possible physicalmechanismof the effect is discussed. Since muon groups are formed at high altitudes (of the order of several kilometers), the detected effect can be used for monitoring air temperature variations in the upper troposphere.     

Investigation of thermal expansion,phase diagrams,and barocaloric effect in the (NH4)2WO2F4 and (NH4)2MoO2F4 oxyfluorides

The thermal expansion along the principal crystallographic axes of the (NH₄)₂WO₂F₄ and (NH₄)₂MoO₂F₄ oxyfluorides has been studied. The anomalous behavior of α _i (T) due to the phase transitions has been revealed at T ₁ = 271.4 K and T ₂ ≈ 180 K for the molybdate and at T ₁ = 201.5 K and T ₂ ≈ 161 K for the tungstate. The quantities dT/dp and dT/dσ _i , which characterize the dependence of the phase transition temperatures on the hydrostatic and uniaxial pressures, have been determined from analyzing the results of studies of the thermal expansion and heat capacity with the use of the Pippard relations. The p-T and α _i -T phase diagrams reflect different characters of the influence of the pressure on the stability of the initial and distorted phases of the oxyfluorides. The magnitudes of the extensive and intensive barocaloric effects determined in the vicinity of the structural phase transitions are as follows: ΔS _BCE varies from approximately −10 to −17 J/mol K and ΔT _AD ≈ 8−17 K for the molybdate and ΔS _BCE varies from approximately −10 to −17 J/mol K and ΔT _AD ≈ 8−13 K for the tungstate.     

Comparative analysis of Raman spectra of PbS macro- and nanocrystals

A comparative analysis of the Raman spectra of bulk PbS and PbS nanocrystals with average diameters of 6.6 and 3.8 nm has been performed. It is shown that the bands due to the LO phonons at the Γ point of the Brillouin zone dominate in the first- and second-order Raman spectra of the nanocrystals. Based on the analysis of the relative band intensities for the first- and second-order spectra a qualitative conclusion is drawn: the electron-LO-phonon interaction in PbS nanocrystals increases with a decrease in their size.     

Muons of very and ultra-high energy cosmic rays

In many cosmic rays experiments at very and ultra-high energies, an excess of muons (including those of very high energy, >100 TeV) is observed that cannot be explained within existing models of hadron interactions. This excess is usually explained in terms of the heavier mass composition of primary cosmic rays. However, the excess over the predicted values even for extremely heavy compositions, and especially the observed excesses of muons with energies of >100 TeV, requires that we consider other possibilities with respect to the generation of muons, including changes in models of hadron interaction.     

Energy spectrum of cascade showers generated in water by near-horizontal muons

We discuss measuring cascade shower energy using the NEVOD Cherenkov water detector with a spatial lattice of quasi-spherical modules (QSMs). Dense QSM spacing makes it possible to reconstruct a number of cascade particles along the shower axis from the PMT response amplitude. Our cascade curve reconstruction technique is applied to showers generated by near-horizontal high-energy muons selected using the DECOR coordinate detector deployed around NEVOD. The first results from cascade energy spectrum measurements are reported.     

14-Noreudesmanes and a phenylpropane heterodimer from sea buckthorn berry inhibit Herpes simplex type 2 virus replication

Two new 14-noreudesmane sesquiterpenes, one new phenylpropane heterodimer, caulilexin C, and uvaol were isolated from the 70% MeOH extract of the fruit peel of Elaeagnus rhamnoides. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by HRESIMS and advanced NMR methods. The absolute configuration of (R)-6,9-dihydroxy-1-oxo-14-noreudesm-5,7,9-triene was determined by the TDDFT-ECD method. The new compounds, together with structurally similar naphthalenes (musizin, musizin-8-O-glucoside, torachrysone-8-O-glucoside) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (2-methylstipandrone), isolated previously from Rumex aquaticus, were investigated for their antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) using two different methods. Applying the traditional virus yield reduction test, (R)-6,9-dihydroxy-1-oxo-14-noreudesm-5,7,9-triene, 1-[3-methoxy-4-(2-methoxy-4-(1E)-propenyl-phenoxy)-phenyl]-propane-1,2-diol, and musizin caused a 2.00 log₁₀, 3.49 log₁₀, and 2.33 log₁₀ reduction of HSV-2 yield, respectively, at a concentration of 12.5?μM. 2-Hydroxy-1-methoxy-6,9-dioxo-14-noreudesm-1,3,5(10),7-tetraene exhibited an antiviral effect at concentration of 50?μM only. Similar results were obtained when the qPCR method was used to test the antiviral activity of the compounds.