Electroweak instantons,axions, and the cosmological constant

If there is explicit violation of baryon plus lepton number at some energy scale, then the electroweak theory depends upon a θ-angle. Due to a singular integration over small scale size instantons, this θ  -dependence is sensitive to very high momentum scales. Assuming that there is no new physics between the electroweak and Planck scales, for an electroweak axion the energy difference between the vacuum at θ≠0$\theta \ne 0$, and that at θ=0$\theta =0$, is of the correct order of magnitude to be the dark energy observed in the present epoch.     

Spectroscopic Diagnostic of the Peripheral Plasma in the Globus-M2 Tokamak with the Injection of Neutral Helium

JETP Letters - The diagnostic of the peripheral plasma parameters in terms of the relation of lines of neutral helium is included in the diagnostic complex of the tokamak Globus-M2. The first...     

Flicker noise and self‐organized criticality in crisis boiling regimes

The paper describes an experimental study of thermal fluctuations during transition from bubble to film boiling of water on a wire heater and fluctuations of the shape of a superheated liquid jet discharged from a highpressure vessel. It is found that for a heattransfer crisis on the wire heater and for intense volume boiling of the superheated liquid jet, the fluctuation power spectrum has a lowfrequency component (flicker noise) that diverges under the law 1/f. This effect is due to nonequilibrium phase transitions in the system: the heattransfer crisis during transition from bubble to film boiling and a flow crisis during boiling of the superheated liquid jet.     

Formation of gas hydrate during crystallization of ethane-saturated amorphous ice

Layers of ethane-saturated amorphous ice were prepared by depositing molecular beams of water and gas on a substrate cooled with liquid nitrogen. The heating of the layers was accompanied by vitrification (softening) followed by spontaneous crystallization. Crystallization of condensates under the conditions of deep metastability proceeded with gas hydrate formation. The vitrification and crystallization temperatures of the condensates were determined from the changes in their dielectric properties on heating. The thermal effects of transformations were recorded by differential thermal analysis. The crystallization of the amorphous water layers was studied by electron diffraction. Formation of a metastable packing with elements of a cubic diamond-like structure was noted.