Microchip capillary electrophoresis for frontal analysis of free bilirubin and study of its interaction with human serum albumin

To meet the need for bedside monitoring of free bilirubin for neonates under critical conditions, a microfluidic chip was fabricated and tested for its coupling with CE/frontal analysis (FA) to determine free bilirubin and study of its binding interaction with HSA, which regulated its concentration in plasma. The poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) multichannel chip was fabricated by CO2 laser ablation and bonded with a fused-silica separation capillary for CE/FA separation with UV detection. The chip was designed to allow a complete assay of four electrophoretic runs using preconditioned channels to speed up the determination of free bilirubin and to deliver quick results for bedside monitoring. Under optimized conditions, the linear working range for free bilirubin was from 10 to 200 micromol with RSDs from 2.1 to 5.0% for n=3, and the LOD at 9 micromol for S/N=3. From a binding study between bilirubin and HSA under FA condition, the second binding constant for bilirubin-HSA was determined as 1.07x10(5) L/mol and the number of binding sites per HSA as 3.46. The results enabled the calculation of free bilirubin for jaundiced infants based on the clinically significant level of total bilirubin, producing a range of 118.3-119.4 micromol/L. The developed method is shown to meet the clinical requirement with additional margin of protection to detect the early rising level of free bilirubin prior to jaundice condition. The low-cost microchip CE/FA device is shown to produce quick results with high potential to deliver a suitable bed-side monitoring method for bilirubin management in neonates.     

C70X2(X=H,F, Cl)的稳定性和电子光谱

用INDO方法研究C70H2四种异构体的稳定性, 表明其最稳定异构体为1, 9-C70H2和7, 8-C70H2, 两者能量差为16.3KJ.mol^-^1, 与实验值及ab initio计算值接近; 光谱计算表明, 其特征吸收峰与实验值一致。在此基础上预测C70F2和C70Cl2的稳定性和电子光谱, 表明C70F2四种异构体的稳定性顺序与C70H2一致, 而C70Cl2则以21, 42-异构体最为稳定。二者的电子光谱与C70H2极其相似只是在500nm以上有细微差别。     

氢原子在镍台阶面上吸附、振动和表面扩散行为的理论研究

本文用对势方法研究了氢原子在Ni(510)台阶面上的吸附和振动, 计算结果与实验符合得很好。并考察了氢原子在Ni(997)台阶面上的吸附和扩散, 结果表明,台阶对下台面上扩散的氢原子开成捕获势阱, 对上台面扩散的氢原子形成反射势,这也很好地支持了实验结果。     

Transverse dynamics of space charge dominated beam during bunching

In this paper we present a technique to optimize the transport parameters for transverse matching of the space charge dominated beams in the presence of bunching. The increase in the current within the specified bunch width during the transport is obtained from the disc model and is included in the optimization method. A 2D particle in cell (PIC) code is then developed to study the details transverse dynamics of the bunch taking into account the effect of longitudinal compression by reweighting the charge and mass of macroparticles. The evolution of rms beam size obtained using PIC simulation agrees well with the results obtained by solving beam envelope equation. The PIC simulation shows emittance growth during bunching induced by the space charge effect for nonuniform distribution. The growth in the emittance increases with the nonlinearity of distribution and peaks near the time focus.     

Fast electro-optical mode in photo-aligned reflective deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal cells

The electro-optical behavior of deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal in reflective mode is described in this paper. The electrically controlled reflectance has been measured at subkilohertz driving voltage frequency for different polarizations of the incident light and compared quite successfully with the simulation results.     

Cell-Penetrating Mitochondrion-Targeting Ligands for the Universal Delivery of Small Molecules,Proteins and Nanomaterials

Mitochondria are key organelles that perform vital cellular functions such as those related to cell survival and death. The targeted delivery of different types of cargos to mitochondria is a well-established strategy to study mitochondrial biology and diseases. Of the various existing mitochondrion-transporting vehicles, most suffer from poor cytosolic entry, low delivery efficiency, limited cargo types, and cumbersome preparation protocols, and none was known to be universally applicable for mitochondrial delivery of different types of cargos (small molecules, proteins, and nanomaterials). Herein, two new cell-penetrating, mitochondrion-targeting ligands (named Mito^Ligand) that are capable of effectively “tagging” small-molecule drugs, native proteins and nanomaterials are disclosed, as well as their corresponding chemoselective conjugation chemistry. Upon successful cellular delivery and rapid endosome escape, the released native cargos were found to be predominantly localized inside mitochondria. Finally, by successfully delivering doxorubicin, a well-known anticancer drug, to the mitochondria of HeLa cells, we showed that the released drug possessed potent cell cytotoxicity, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and finally led to apoptosis. Our strategy thus paves the way for future mitochondrion-targeted therapy with a variety of biologically active agents.     

A facile one step synthesis of novel ethyl 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylate

Trifluoroacetonitrile was condensed with diethyl malonate to give a novel ethyl 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylate ( 2 ) in 88% yield. Derivations of 2 are also described.