Kinetic of hydrate formation of propane and its mixture with methane in a circulating flow reactor

Kinetics of hydrate formation for propane and its mixture with 73% methane have been studied experimentally and theoretically at pressure up to 2 MPa and temperature up to 277.65 K in a 10 m circulating flow reactor. A mathematical model has been developed for the process of hydrate formation based on crystallization, mass transfer and thermodynamics concepts. The amounts of gas consumptions due to hydrate formation are measured experimentally and predicted by the model. The agreement between the experimental measured gas consumptions and predicted values by the mathematical model are very good and the average deviation errors in the prediction of gas consumption are less than 10%.     

A comprehensive study of sound pressure in a finite-length fluid-filled multi-walled carbon nanotube

The aim of this paper is to analyze vibrational behavior and the sound wave propagation in the finite-length fluid-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and to determine the exact sound pressure load effect on it, and compare it to what has been used by the other researchers. For this purpose, the solution of the modified complex Helmholtz equation is derived by considering the non-rigidity of the CNT and the wave reflections at the open ends of the MWCNT. These investigations are very important for potential application of CNT-filled polymeric foam that is used as sound absorber. In this paper, in formulating the sound pressure load exerted on the innermost tube of the finite-length fluid-filled MWCNT, the following points have been studied for the first time: (i) the energy loss in the fluid, which cannot be ignored in the high frequency analysis; (ii) the non-rigidity of the MWCNT through considering finite acoustical impedance for its walls; (iii) the wave reflections at the open ends of the finite-length MWCNT to calculate the sound pressure load term which is coupled with the dynamic equations of motion for the finite-length fluid-filled MWCNT. The results show that ignoring the mentioned points would cause errors in the prediction of the sound pressure load exerted on the finite-length fluid-filled MWCNT.     

The Effect of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Collagen Incorporated with Exo-Polysaccharides Derived from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. on Burn Healing

Burn is one of the physically debilitating injuries that can be potentially fatal; therefore, providing appropriate coverage in order to reduce possible mortality risk and accelerate wound healing is mandatory. In this study, collagen/exo-polysaccharide (Col/EPS 1–3%) scaffolds are synthesized from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skins incorporated with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16, respectively, for promoting Grade 3 burn wound healing. Physicochemical characterizations and, consequently, biological properties of the Col/EPS scaffolds are tested. The results show that the presence of EPS does not affect the minimum porosity dimensions, while raising the EPS amount significantly reduces the maximum porosity dimensions. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR, and tensile property results confirm the successful incorporation of the EPS into Col scaffolds. Furthermore,the biological results show that the increasing EPS does not affect Col biodegradability and cell viability, and the use of Col/EPS 1% on rat models displays a faster healing rate. Finally, histopathological examination reveals that the Col/EPS 1% treatment accelerates wound healing, through greater re-epithelialization and dermal remodeling, more abundant fibroblast cells and Col accumulation. These findings suggest that Col/EPS 1% promotes dermal wound healing via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which can be a potential medical process in the treatment of burn wounds.