An Easy Access to Oxime Ethers by Pd‐Catalyzed C—O Cross‐Coupling of Activated Aryl Bromides with Ketoximes and Chalcone Oximes

An efficient Pd‐catalyzed method for C—O cross‐coupling of ketoximes and chalcone oximes with activated aryl bromides and bromo‐chalcones has been developed. All oxime ethers were obtained in good to excellent yields by [(π‐allyl)PdCl]₂/tBuXPhos ( L7 ) catalyst system. TrixiePhos ( L11 ) was also found to be effective for the oxime coupling. This method offers an easy and smooth coupling of chalcone oximes with activated aryl bromides and bromo‐chalcones, which has not been previously explored.     

Recent strategy(ies) for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2: Ni single-atom catalysts for the selective electrochemical formation of CO in aqueous electrolytes

To decrease the global carbon footprint concerns and to diminish the energy crisis, electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ which results in the formulation of value-added chemicals is a potential solution. In this review, single-atom catalysts (SACs) which are rapidly growing and being developed as the stimulating catalytic materials for electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ with improved selectivity, efficiency, and stability are considered. Various factors which are responsible for the efficient CO₂ reduction are discussed. The pyrolytic approach for the preparation of Ni-based SACs and the maximum atom utilization efficiency for the desirable production of CO from CO₂ are highlighted.     

Sustainable preparation of gold nanoparticles via green chemistry approach for biogenic applications

Novel premises of ‘Green Nanotechnology’ have tremendous impacts towards industrial scale revolution. The furtive extracted from natural precursors have driven to the generation of biogenic resources for the fabrication of cutting-edge nanomaterials in simple and cost-effective process. This inspection is an intension of the coupling hypothesis of Nanotechnology via ‘Green-Chemistry’ avenue. So, as to diminish the negative effects of technological applications in the health of human beings and the environment, society is focused towards a greener future. Nanoscience assures a promising future by its improvement in green chemistry to develop the 'Greenary Nanoscience and Nanotechnology'. The improvement and execution of chemical assisted processes in order to reduce the usage of harmful substances, the ‘Green Chemistry’ approach is one and only remarkable authentication, which attributed to long range surface area and higher pore volume of gold-nanoparticles. As of now, the efficient biogenic mechanism dramatically reduces the utilization and hazardous reagents have been employed to low-price natural and waste products to yield value-added nanomaterials with extensive relevance, suggesting an economical and green solution to environmental issues. In depth investigation of this critical review illustrates, novel biogenic screening platform was also conducted against antimicrobial strains and degradation of gold-nanoparticles products well explored-from selection precursors evolved from natural extracts, as well as eventually disintegration into bio-degradable yet potentially recyclable byproducts.     

Resilient and agile engineering solutions to address societal challenges such as coronavirus pandemic

The world is witnessing tumultuous times as major economic powers including the US, UK, Russia, India, and most of Europe continue to be in a state of lockdown. The worst-hit sectors due to this lockdown are sales, production (manufacturing), transport (aerospace and automotive) and tourism. Lockdowns became necessary as a preventive measure to avoid the spread of the contagious and infectious “Coronavirus Disease 2019” (COVID-19). This newly identified disease is caused by a new strain of the virus being referred to as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS CoV-2; formerly called 2019-nCoV). We review the current medical and manufacturing response to COVID-19, including advances in instrumentation, sensing, use of lasers, fumigation chambers and development of novel tools such as lab-on-the-chip using combinatorial additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques and use of molecular modelling and molecular docking in drug and vaccine discovery. We also offer perspectives on future considerations on climate change, outsourced versus indigenous manufacturing, automation, and antimicrobial resistance. Overall, this paper attempts to identify key areas where manufacturing can be employed to address societal challenges such as COVID-19.     

Bergenia Genus: Traditional Uses,Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

Bergenia (Saxifragaceae) genus is native to central Asia and encompasses 32 known species. Among these, nine are of pharmacological relevance. In the Indian system of traditional medicine (Ayurveda), “Pashanabheda” (stone breaker) is an elite drug formulation obtained from the rhizomes of B. ligulata. Bergenia species also possess several other biological activities like diuretic, antidiabetic, antitussive, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-bradykinin, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, anticancer, antioxidant, antiobesity, and adaptogenic. This review provides explicit information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological significance of the genus Bergenia. The extant literature concerned was systematically collected from various databases, weblinks, blogs, books, and theses to select 174 references for detailed analysis. To date, 152 chemical constituents have been identified and characterized from the genus Bergenia that belong to the chemical classes of polyphenols, phenolic-glycosides, lactones, quinones, sterols, tannins, terpenes, and others. B. crassifolia alone possesses 104 bioactive compounds. Meticulous pharmacological and phytochemical studies on Bergenia species and its conservation could yield more reliable compounds and products of pharmacological significance for better healthcare.     

Deciphering the Role of Filamin B Calponin-Homology Domain in Causing the Larsen Syndrome,Boomerang Dysplasia,and Atelosteogenesis Type I Spectrum Disorders via a Computational Approach

Filamins (FLN) are a family of actin-binding proteins involved in regulating the cytoskeleton and signaling phenomenon by developing a network with F-actin and FLN-binding partners. The FLN family comprises three conserved isoforms in mammals: FLNA, FLNB, and FLNC. FLNB is a multidomain monomer protein with domains containing an actin-binding N-terminal domain (ABD 1–242), encompassing two calponin-homology domains (assigned CH1 and CH2). Primary variants in FLNB mostly occur in the domain (CH2) and surrounding the hinge-1 region. The four autosomal dominant disorders that are associated with FLNB variants are Larsen syndrome, atelosteogenesis type I (AOI), atelosteogenesis type III (AOIII), and boomerang dysplasia (BD). Despite the intense clustering of FLNB variants contributing to the LS-AO-BD disorders, the genotype-phenotype correlation is still enigmatic. In silico prediction tools and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) approaches have offered the potential for variant classification and pathogenicity predictions. We retrieved 285 FLNB missense variants from the UniProt, ClinVar, and HGMD databases in the current study. Of these, five and 39 variants were located in the CH1 and CH2 domains, respectively. These variants were subjected to various pathogenicity and stability prediction tools, evolutionary and conservation analyses, and biophysical and physicochemical properties analyses. Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was performed on the three candidate variants in the CH2 domain (W148R, F161C, and L171R) that were predicted to be the most pathogenic. The MDS analysis results showed that these three variants are highly compact compared to the native protein, suggesting that they could affect the protein on the structural and functional levels. The computational approach demonstrates the differences between the FLNB mutants and the wild type in a structural and functional context. Our findings expand our knowledge on the genotype-phenotype correlation in FLNB-related LS-AO-BD disorders on the molecular level, which may pave the way for optimizing drug therapy by integrating precision medicine.     

Highly Mesoporous Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Synergistic Multimodal Catalytic Platforms for Divergent Cascade Reactions

Rational engineering and assimilation of diverse chemo‐ and biocatalytic functionalities in a single nanostructure is highly desired for efficient multistep chemical reactions but has so far remained elusive. Here, we design and synthesize multimodal catalytic nanoreactors (MCNRs) based on a mesoporous metal‐organic framework (MOF). The MCNRs consist of customizable metal nanocrystals and stably anchored enzymes in the mesopores, as well as coordinatively unsaturated cationic metal MOF nodes, all within a single nanoreactor space. The highly intimate and diverse catalytic mesoporous microenvironments and facile accessibility to the active site in the MCNR enables the cooperative and synergistic participation from different chemo‐ and biocatalytic components. This was shown by one‐pot multistep cascade reactions involving a heterogeneous catalytic nitroaldol reaction followed by a [Pd/lipase]‐catalyzed chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution to yield optically pure (>99 % ee) nitroalcohol derivatives in quantitative yields.     

Phosphonate‐Modified UiO‐66 Brønsted Acid Catalyst and Its Use in Dehydra‐Decyclization of 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran to Pentadienes

Phosphorus‐modified all‐silica zeolites exhibit activity and selectivity in certain Brønsted acid catalyzed reactions for biomass conversion. In an effort to achieve similar performance with catalysts having well‐defined sites, we report the incorporation of Brønsted acidity to metal–organic frameworks with the UiO‐66 topology, achieved by attaching phosphonic acid to the 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate ligand and using it to form UiO‐66‐PO₃H₂ by post‐synthesis modification. Characterization reveals that UiO‐66‐PO₃H₂ retains stability similar to UiO‐66, and exhibits weak Brønsted acidity, as demonstrated by titrations, alcohol dehydration, and dehydra‐decyclization of 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MTHF). For the later reaction, the reported catalyst exhibits site‐time yields and selectivity approaching that of phosphoric acid on all‐silica zeolites. Using solid‐state NMR and deprotonation energy calculations, the chemical environments of P and the corresponding acidities are determined.     

Nanocatalosomes as Plasmonic Bilayer Shells with Interlayer Catalytic Nanospaces for Solar‐Light‐Induced Reactions

Interest and challenges remain in designing and synthesizing catalysts with nature‐like complexity at few‐nm scale to harness unprecedented functionalities by using sustainable solar light. We introduce “nanocatalosomes”—a bio‐inspired bilayer‐vesicular design of nanoreactor with metallic bilayer shell‐in‐shell structure, having numerous controllable confined cavities within few‐nm interlayer space, customizable with different noble metals. The intershell‐confined plasmonically coupled hot‐nanospaces within the few‐nm cavities play a pivotal role in harnessing catalytic effects for various organic transformations, as demonstrated by “acceptorless dehydrogenation”, “Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling” and “alkynyl annulation” affording clean conversions and turnover frequencies (TOFs) at least one order of magnitude higher than state‐of‐the‐art Au‐nanorod‐based plasmonic catalysts. This work paves the way towards next‐generation nanoreactors for chemical transformations with solar energy.     

Design and Development of Ultrafast Sinapic Acid Sensor Based on Electrochemically Nanotuned Gold Nanoparticles and Solvothermally Reduced Graphene Oxide

We report for the first time sinapic acid (SA) sensing based on nanocomposite comprising electrochemically tuned gold nanoparticles (EAuNPs) and solvothermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The synthesized EAuNPs, rGO, and EAuNPs‐rGO nanocomposite were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), particle size analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. A proof‐of‐concept electrochemical sensor for SA was developed based on synthesized EAuNPs‐rGO nanocomposite, which was characterized by electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The developed sensor detected SA with a linear dynamic range (LDR) between 20 μM and 200 μM and detection limit (DL) of 33.43 (±0.21) nM (RSD<3.32 %). To show the useful purpose of the sensor probe in clinical applications, SA was detected in human urine samples, which showed the percentage recovery between 82.6 % and 92.8 %. Interferences due to various molecules such as L‐cystine, glycine, alanine, serum albumin, uric acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and urea were tested. Long‐term stability of the sensor probe was examined, which was found to be stable up to 6 weeks. The sensor fabricated using EAuNPs‐rGO nanocomposite has many attractive features such as; simplicity, rapidity, and label‐free detection; hence, it could be a method of choice for SA detection in various matrices.