Ignition and increase in Pease limit on current in an ohmically heated high densityZ-pinch

Energetics of an ohmically heated deuterium-tritium high densityZ-pinch has been computed taking into account the energy deposited by the alpha particles produced by fusion. As a result, at higher plasma densities (>10²⁷/m³) and temperatures (>4keV), the pinch current can cross Pease limit and the plasma can get ignited, yielding higher energy gain and neutron yield in a shorter confinement time.     

Metallic nanostructures in a polymer matrix and substrate fabrication and structural characterization

Metal nanostructures are of considerable interest in the field of plasmonics and metamaterials and could have a wider impact if they are successfully embedded in a stable, inert and flexible polymer matrix. Fabrication of such structures is challenging for a variety of reasons including thermal stability, material compatibility with processing steps and general handling of material. In this work we have demonstrated the fabrication of metal nanostructures and embedded them in a polymer. Furthermore, these structures were fabricated on a flexible polymer membrane and detached from a carrier substrate. Characterization of these structures was performed with SEM, TEM and EDS.     

Comparison of solutions of stochastic equations and applications

Pathwise comparison of solutions to a class of stochastic systems of differential equations is proved which extends the existing result of Geiβ and Manthey. When the diffusion coefficients are defferent, the Gal’?huk-Davis method is extended to establish the comparision results. We illustrate our results with several examples some of which arise in stochastic finance theory     

低温高密核物质测量谱仪时间投影室的集团重建

低温高密核物质测量谱仪(CEE)是研究高重子数密度区核物质性质的重离子碰撞实验谱仪。使用了先进的 SAMPA 电子学读出芯片的时间投影室(TPC)是 CEE 最核心的探测器。在集团重建的过程中,同一排读出板的信号被首先重建成 2 维集团,然后根据 2 维集团的 ADC 加权平均位置重建击中点。当信号 ADC 随漂移时间变化呈峰-谷-峰结构时,一个集团可能被重建成两个或更多击中点,从而提高双径迹分辨能力。使用模拟信号的测试显示,该重建算法在$x/ y$方向可以达到0.100/0.043 cm的位置分辨能力和1.1/2.8 cm的双径迹分辨能力。     

A simple and efficient method for solvent-free iodination of hydroxylated aromatic aldehydes and ketones using iodine and iodic acid by grinding method

<正>Green,mild and efficient iodination of hydroxylated aromatic aldehydes and ketones using iodine and iodic acid in the solidstate by grinding under solvent-free conditions at room temperature.This method provides several advantages such as environmentally friendly,short reaction times,high yields,non-hazardous and simple work-up procedure.     

Sugarcane proteomics: Establishment of a protein extraction method for 2‐DE in stalk tissues and initiation of sugarcane proteome reference map

Sugarcane is an important commercial crop cultivated for its stalks and sugar is a prized commodity essential in human nutrition. Proteomics of sugarcane is in its infancy, especially when dealing with the stalk tissues, where there is no study to date. A systematic proteome analysis of stalk tissue yet remains to be investigated in sugarcane, wherein the stalk tissue is well known for its rigidity, fibrous nature, and the presence of oxidative enzymes, phenolic compounds and extreme levels of carbohydrates, thus making the protein extraction complicated. Here, we evaluated five different protein extraction methods in sugarcane stalk tissues. These methods are as follows: direct extraction using lysis buffer (LB), TCA/acetone precipitation followed by solubilization in LB, LB containing thiourea (LBT), and LBT containing tris, and phenol extraction. Both quantitative and qualitative protein analyses were performed for each method. 2‐DE analysis of extracted total proteins revealed distinct differences in protein patterns among the methods, which might be due to their physicochemical limitations. Based on the 2‐D gel protein profiles, TCA/acetone precipitation‐LBT and phenol extraction methods showed good results. The phenol method showed a shift in pI values of proteins on 2‐D gel, which was mostly overcome by the use of 2‐D cleanup kit after protein extraction. Among all the methods tested, 2‐D cleanup‐phenol method was found to be the most suitable for producing high number of good‐quality spots and reproducibility. In total, 30 and 12 protein spots commonly present in LB, LBT and phenol methods, and LBT method were selected and subjected to eLD‐IT‐TOF‐MS/MS and nESI‐LC‐MS/MS analyses, respectively, and a reference map has been established for sugarcane stalk tissue proteome. A total of 36 nonredundant proteins were identified. This is a very first basic study on sugarcane stalk proteome analysis and will promote the unexplored areas of sugarcane proteome research.     

On the characterization of Aloha in underwater wireless networks

Standard analyses of wireless random access protocols that are available in the literature assume negligible propagation delay between any two nodes. This assumption holds good in reasonably short-range terrestrial RF (radio frequency) wireless networks. On the contrary, in wireless communications involving acoustic wave propagation, as in underwater wireless networks, even short distance propagation has appreciably large propagation delay. This observation has led to several recent simulation and experimental studies on underwater Aloha and slotted-Aloha (S-Aloha) protocols and also a few new proposals on random access protocols for underwater wireless ad hoc networks (UWN). To study the efficiency of more advanced multiaccess communication protocols for UWN, it is important to benchmark their performances with respect to the two basic random access protocols, Aloha and S-Aloha. This paper provides an analytic framework to capture the performance of Aloha and S-Aloha protocols in an underwater environment with high and random internodal signal propagation delay. The performance of underwater Aloha and S-Aloha are contrasted with those in short-range terrestrial RF wireless networks. The analysis shows that random internodal propagation delay has no effect on the underwater Aloha performance. It also sheds light on the throughput degradation of underwater S-Aloha with a slotting concept that achieves RF S-Aloha equivalent one-slot vulnerability. Additionally, a modified slotting concept is introduced where the slot size is judiciously reduced such that even by allowing some collisions the overall system throughput can be increased. Our calculations show that, with the modified slotting approach up to 17% throughput performance gain can be achieved over the naive (RF S-Aloha equivalent) slotting approach in UWN. Our analytic results are supported by discrete event simulations.     

Preparation of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles by addition of malonates to 3-halo-3-oxindoles

A method for the synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindole derivatives is described. This involves the base-mediated addition of malonate esters to 3-halo-3-alkyloxindoles. The addition is tolerant of a range of alkyl substituents at position 3 of the oxindole. Addition to an aryl chloro-oxindole is also described.     

Synthesis of 7-hydroxythioridazine and 7-hydroxysulforidazine

The thioridazine metabolites 7-hydroxythioridazine (2a) and 7-hydroxysulforidazine (2b) were synthesized. Commercial 4-chloro-3-nitrophenylmethylsulfone was converted to the corresponding 4-thiol through an intermediate xanthate ester. Subsequent zinc metal reduction provided the 3-amino thiolate. This salt was condensed with chloroquinone to yield 7-hydroxy-2-methylsulfonylphenothiazine which was then protected as the isopropyl ether. N-Alkylation with 2-(2-chloroethyl)-1-methylpiperidine using sodium hydroxide, then ether cleavage, afforded 2b . The N-alkylation followed by reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride and deblocking yielded 2a . These reference standards will assist in an exploration of the potential role of meta-bolically formed 2a and 2b in the neuroleptic response to thioridazine.