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51.
We study the action for the three-space formalism of general relativity, better known as the Barbour–Foster–Ó Murchadha action, which is a square-root Baierlein–Sharp–Wheeler action. In particular, we explore the (pre)symplectic structure by pulling it back via a Legendre map to the tangent bundle of the configuration space of this action. With it we attain the canonical Lagrangian vector field which generates the gauge transformations (3-diffeomorphisms) and the true physical evolution of the system. This vector field encapsulates all the dynamics of the system. We also discuss briefly the observables and perennials for this theory. We then present a symplectic reduction of the constrained phase space. 相似文献
52.
Kalpana Sharma Rishi Pal Chahal Suman Mahendia Anil Kumar Tomar Shyam Kumar 《辐射效应与固体损伤》2013,168(5):378-384
Polyvinyl alcohol films were irradiated to 90 MeV O 6+ and 150 MeV Si 14+ ions at fluence ranging from 1010 to 1012 ions/cm2. The observed changes in optical energy gap of this polymer have been investigated and results are tried to be explained in terms of energy transferred by the incident ions. It has been noticed that the value of optical energy gap decreases with increasing energy loss during the ion–polymer interaction process. 相似文献
53.
Charles Shearer Oriane Desaunay Stephen Zorc Alexis D. Richaud Shyam S. Samanta Nagalakshmi Jeedimalla Stéphane P. Roche 《Tetrahedron》2019,75(43):130606
4H-Pyrans (4H-Pys) and 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) are important classes of heterocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Herein, an indium(III)-catalyzed one-pot domino reaction for the synthesis of highly functionalized 4H-Pys, and a model of 1,4-DHP is reported. This alternative approach to the challenging Hantzsch 4-component reaction enables the synthesis of fused-tricyclic heterocycles, and the mechanistic studies underline the importance of an intercepted-Knoevenagel adduct to achieve higher chemoselectivity towards these types of unsymmetrical heterocycles. 相似文献
54.
Shyam Sundar Mondal Namita Jaiswal Partha Sarathi Bera Ranjay K. Tiwari Jogendra Nath Behera Nripen Chanda Subhas Ghosal Tanmoy Kumar Saha 《应用有机金属化学》2021,35(1)
A series of copper (II) ( 1 and 3 ) and cobalt (II/III) ( 2 , 4 and 5 ) complexes comprising different imino‐phenolate ligands DCH , DTH and DBH 2 (where DCH = 2,4‐dichloro‐6‐((mesitylimino)methyl)phenol, DTH = 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐((mesitylimino)methyl) phenol and DBH 2 = 2,4‐dibromo‐6‐((mesitylimino)methyl)phenol) have been prepared with excellent yield and high purity. By utilizing different spectroscopic tools such as UV–visible, electrospray ionization (ESI)‐mass, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and elemental analysis, the prepared complexes ( 1 – 5 ) were thoroughly characterized. The molecular structure of the synthesized complexes was ascertained by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies (SCXRDs). The experiment reveals that Complexes 1 – 5 bind to calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) through non‐intercalative way with good interacting abilities. However, 1 – 5 are excellent quenchers of the fluorescence intensity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) following the static pathway. Additionally, they had shown remarkable cytotoxic potential against MCF‐7 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma) and A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines. The IC50 values associated with these complexes were much lower than the conventional drug cisplatin. Apoptosis‐induced cell death was confirmed from the DNA fragmentation studies and Hoechst 33342 staining. The 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay indicates that the complex mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is accountable for governing the apoptosis mechanism via oxidative cell distress. Apart from these studies, by carrying out density functional theory (DFT) method, highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) energy gap calculations and optimized structures of the synthesized complexes were accomplished. 相似文献
55.
Kapil Shyam Lokare Nicolas Frank Beatrice Braun‐Cula Itziar Goikoetxea Joachim Sauer Christian Limberg 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,128(40):12513-12517
To gain molecular level insights into the properties of certain functions and units of extended oxides/hydroxides, suitable molecular model compounds are needed. As an attractive route to access such compounds the trapping of early intermediates during the hydrolysis of suitable precursor compounds with the aid of stabilizing ligands is conceivable, which was tested for the aluminum(III)/water system. Indeed, trisilanols proved suitable trapping reagents: their presence during the hydrolysis of AliBu2H in dependence on the amount of water used allowed for the isolation of tri‐ and octanuclear aluminum hydroxide cluster complexes [Al3(μ2‐OH)3(THF)3(PhSi(OSiPh2O)3)2] ( 1 ) and [Al8(μ3‐OH)2(μ2‐OH)10(THF)3(p‐anisylSi(OSiPh2O)3)4] ( 2 ). 1 can be regarded as the Al(OH)3 cyclic trimer, where six protons have been replaced by silyl residues. While 2 features a unique [Al8(μ3‐OH)2(μ2‐OH)10]12+ core. In contrast to most other known aggregates of this type, 1 and 2 can be readily prepared at reasonable scales, dissolve in common solvents, and retain an intact framework even in the presence of excessive amounts of water. This finding paves the way to future research addressing the reactivity of the individual functional groups. 相似文献
56.
57.
dc conductivity as a function of temperature has been measured for as-evaporated and annealed films of amorphous Si, grown by the vacuum evaporation technique. The experimental data suggest that conduction in the higher temperature range (~175–300 K) is by the thermally activated holes in the localized states near the valence band edge while conduction in the lower temperature range (~77–175 K) is found to be thermally assisted tunnelling in the localized states near the Fermi level. The activation energy for both the processes is found to increase with an increase in the annealing temperature. The average hopping distance, calculated for conduction near the Fermi level, is also found to increase with an increase in the annealing temperature. 相似文献
58.
Mariappan Periasamy Mallesh Beesu D. Shyam Raj 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2008,693(17):2843-2846
Iron carbonyl complexes prepared in situ using the Fe(CO)5/NaH/MeI reagent combination and alkynes at 25 °C give the corresponding cyclobutenediones in 50-65% yields after CuCl2 · 2H2O oxidation. 相似文献
59.
CO2 Hydrogenation over Oxide‐Supported PtCo Catalysts: The Role of the Oxide Support in Determining the Product Selectivity
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Dr. Shyam Kattel Dr. Weiting Yu Dr. Xiaofang Yang Dr. Binhang Yan Yanqiang Huang Weiming Wan Dr. Ping Liu Prof. Dr. Jingguang G. Chen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(28):7968-7973
By simply changing the oxide support, the selectivity of a metal–oxide catalysts can be tuned. For the CO2 hydrogenation over PtCo bimetallic catalysts supported on different reducible oxides (CeO2, ZrO2, and TiO2), replacing a TiO2 support by CeO2 or ZrO2 selectively strengthens the binding of C,O‐bound and O‐bound species at the PtCo–oxide interface, leading to a different product selectivity. These results reveal mechanistic insights into how the catalytic performance of metal–oxide catalysts can be fine‐tuned. 相似文献
60.
Trapping Aluminum Hydroxide Clusters with Trisilanols during Speciation in Aluminum(III)–Water Systems: Reproducible,Large Scale Access to Molecular Aluminate Models
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Dr. Kapil Shyam Lokare Nicolas Frank Dr. Beatrice Braun‐Cula Dr. Itziar Goikoetxea Prof. Dr. Joachim Sauer Prof. Dr. Christian Limberg 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(40):12325-12329
To gain molecular level insights into the properties of certain functions and units of extended oxides/hydroxides, suitable molecular model compounds are needed. As an attractive route to access such compounds the trapping of early intermediates during the hydrolysis of suitable precursor compounds with the aid of stabilizing ligands is conceivable, which was tested for the aluminum(III)/water system. Indeed, trisilanols proved suitable trapping reagents: their presence during the hydrolysis of AliBu2H in dependence on the amount of water used allowed for the isolation of tri‐ and octanuclear aluminum hydroxide cluster complexes [Al3(μ2‐OH)3(THF)3(PhSi(OSiPh2O)3)2] ( 1 ) and [Al8(μ3‐OH)2(μ2‐OH)10(THF)3(p‐anisylSi(OSiPh2O)3)4] ( 2 ). 1 can be regarded as the Al(OH)3 cyclic trimer, where six protons have been replaced by silyl residues. While 2 features a unique [Al8(μ3‐OH)2(μ2‐OH)10]12+ core. In contrast to most other known aggregates of this type, 1 and 2 can be readily prepared at reasonable scales, dissolve in common solvents, and retain an intact framework even in the presence of excessive amounts of water. This finding paves the way to future research addressing the reactivity of the individual functional groups. 相似文献