氧化石墨的谱学表征及分析

采用改进的Hummers法,通过改变氧化剂用量获得不同氧化程度的氧化石墨,用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对产物进行结构和谱学特性的表征,并结合数学分析软件对部分红外和拉曼数据进行分峰拟合。结果表明,石墨经氧化后形成了含有C-OH、-COOH和C-O-C等官能团的石墨层间化合物;氧化剂用量较少时,石墨片层插层氧化不完全,产物的结构中仍存在未被氧化的原石墨周期性结构;随着氧化剂用量的增加,氧化石墨产物的XRD图中原石墨(002)衍射峰逐渐消失,结构中含氧官能团的量逐渐增加,产物的亲水性也逐渐增强;通过对红外光谱的拟合发现,氧化石墨样品在3 198 cm^-1附近有一个红外吸收峰,应归属于C-OH中OH的伸缩振动;随着氧化剂用量的增加,所得氧化石墨产物的拉曼光谱中D峰与G峰的强度积分比R(I_D/I_G)逐渐增大,产物结构中sp²平面域的平均尺寸逐渐减小。     

Highly Sensitive Fluorometric Assay Method for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Based on Nile Red‐Adsorbed Gold Nanoparticles

A new sensitive fluorometric assay method for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitor was developed using a fluorescent dye, nile red (NR). Due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the NR and the gold nanoparticle (AuNPs), the fluorescence was quenched. AChE can break down acetylthiocholine to produce a thiol‐bearing compound, thiocholine. In the presence of thiocholine, the nile red is replaced from the AuNPs surfaces and simultaneously transformed to a derivative of nile red. The fluorescence intensity of the derivative is much stronger than that of the native nile red with the same concentration and its maximum emission wavelength has a blue shift so that the sensor achieves a good signal‐to‐background ratio. In addition, when organophosphate pesticide (OPs) exists, the activity of AChE can be inhibited, the generation of thiocholine will be prevented and no fluorescence enhancement occurs. The results show that the method is sensitive to AChE and paraoxon with the detection limits of 0.2 mU/mL and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively.     

Ca2Y7.9（SiO4）6O2-0.5xFx:Eu0.1（3+,2+）荧光粉的合成和发光特性

采用高温固相反应法在弱还原气氛下制备了Ca2Y7.9(SiO4)6O2-0.5xFx:Eu(2+,3+)0.1(x=0～4)系列荧光粉。晶胞参数a,c和晶胞体积V均随着F-置换量的增加呈线性减小,晶胞参数a和c的变化率相近。荧光体中Eu2+和Eu3+共存,Eu2+3d5/2与Eu3+3d5/2电子结合能分别为1128.4和1136.3 eV,Eu2+的3d5/2与3d3/2的电子结合能差为28.4 eV。Eu2+和Eu3+的3d5/2态XPS峰面积比为6.9∶1。激发光谱由Eu3+的两个电荷迁移(CTS)带和f-f跃迁激发线组成,x=0,1的试样中出现了Eu2+的f-d跃迁强激发谱带。激发到Eu3+的电荷迁移态或激发Eu2+,除了来自Eu3+的5D0能级的发射之外,还观察到了5D1能级的强发射和5D2能级的弱发射,并且激发Eu2+时5D1→7F4发射强度超过5D0→7F2,没有出现Eu2+的明显发射,Eu2+对Eu3+发光起到很好的敏化作用。5DJ(J>0)高能级发射来自4f格位的Eu3+发光中心,Eu2+的敏化起关键作用。Eu3+在4f和6h两种格位的分布比为4∶6。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定健康人外周血单个核细胞磷脂脂肪酸组成

采用毛细管气相色谱法对输注脂肪乳剂的健康志愿者外周血单个核细胞磷脂脂肪酸组成进行了分析测定 ,并将定量结果与输注脂肪乳剂前进行了比较 ,结果表明 :与输注脂肪乳剂前相比 ,连续 7d外周静脉输注 2 0 %脂肪乳剂 (2 5 0mL d) ,外周血单个核细胞数无明显变化 ;外周血单个核细胞磷脂酰乙醇胺中棕榈酸(P <0 .0 5 )和油酸 (P <0 .0 1 )明显增加 ,硬脂酸下降 ;磷脂酰胆碱中棕榈油酸 (P <0 .0 5 )和亚麻酸 (P <0 .0 5 )明显增加 ,而两种磷脂中花生四烯酸及其它多不饱和脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸的比值以及脂肪酸的不饱和指数均未发生明显变化。     

舞花姜的化学成分

舞花姜（Ｇｌｏｂｂａｒａｃｅｍｏｓａｓｍｉｔｈ）为姜科舞花姜属植物,产于我国南部、西南部等地。其根和果实在民间药用,有健胃、消炎的功能,用于治疗胃炎、消化不良、急慢性肾炎等［１］。尚未见有关舞花姜属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究报道,为此我们对其地下部分的化学成分进行了研究。乙醇提取物的石油醚可溶部分经硅胶柱和萄聚糖凝胶柱层析分离得到五个化合物,经光谱鉴定为木栓酮（ｆｒｉｅｄｅｌｉｎ１）,ｃｙｃｌｏｅｕｃａｌｅｎ－ｏｌ（２）、３－羟基－豆甾－５烯－７－酮（３－ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ－ｓｔｉｇｍａｓｔ－５－…     

Metal–Organic Framework Membrane Nanopores as Biomimetic Photoresponsive Ion Channels and Photodriven Ion Pumps

Biological ion channels and ion pumps with sub‐nanometer sizes modulate ion transport in response to external stimuli. Realizing such functions with sub‐nanometer solid‐state nanopores has been an important topic with wide practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate a biomimetic photoresponsive ion channel and photodriven ion pump using a porphyrin‐based metal–organic framework membrane with pore sizes comparable to hydrated ions. We show that the molecular‐size pores enable precise and robust optoelectronic ion transport modulation in a broad range of concentrations, unparalleled with conventional solid‐state nanopores. Upon decoration with platinum nanoparticles to form a Schottky barrier photodiode, photovoltage across the membrane is generated with “uphill” ion transport from low concentration to high concentration. These results may spark applications in energy conversion, ion sieving, and artificial photosynthesis.     

Electrocatalytically Active Fe‐(O‐C2)4 Single‐Atom Sites for Efficient Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia

Single‐atom catalysts have demonstrated their superiority over other types of catalysts for various reactions. However, the reported nitrogen reduction reaction single‐atom electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction exclusively utilize metal–nitrogen or metal–carbon coordination configurations as catalytic active sites. Here, we report a Fe single‐atom electrocatalyst supported on low‐cost, nitrogen‐free lignocellulose‐derived carbon. The extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra confirm that Fe atoms are anchored to the support via the Fe‐(O‐C₂)₄ coordination configuration. Density functional theory calculations identify Fe‐(O‐C₂)₄ as the active site for the nitrogen reduction reaction. An electrode consisting of the electrocatalyst loaded on carbon cloth can afford a NH₃ yield rate and faradaic efficiency of 32.1 μg h^?1 mg_cat.^?1 (5350 μg h^?1 mg_Fe^?1) and 29.3 %, respectively. An exceptional NH₃ yield rate of 307.7 μg h^?1 mg_cat.^?1 (51 283 μg h^?1 mg_Fe^?1) with a near record faradaic efficiency of 51.0 % can be achieved with the electrocatalyst immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode.     

采动诱发岩体移动破坏过程数值模拟研究

本文基于岩石介质的宏观非线性主要是由非均质性和各向异性造成的, 应用新的数值计算软件RFPA(2D), 对采动引起岩体失稳破坏的全过程进了数值模拟研究。     

Rapid Screening of Lipase Inhibitors from Ophiopogonis Radix Using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography by Two Step Gradient Elution Combined with Bioautographic Method

In this study, a high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method by two step gradient elution with two mobile phases was developed for the simultaneous analysis of seven constituents in Ophiopogonis Radix. The chromatography was performed on silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ plate with dichloromethane-methanol-ethyl acetate-water (70:25:12:3, v/v/v/v) and dichloromethane-methanol (300:1, v/v) as the mobile phase for two step gradient elution. Then, the HPTLC profiles were observed after derivatization with 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol solution. The obtained HPTLC images were further analyzed by chemometric approaches and the samples could be clustered based on regions and/or growth years, which were two important factors affecting the constituents in Ophiopogonis Radix. Furthermore, five compounds including ophiopogonin D, ophiopojaponin C, ophiopogonin D’, ophiopogonin C’ and methylophiopogonanone B were screened as potential lipase inhibitors from Ophiopogonis Radix by the HPTLC-bioautographic method. The binding modes and interactions between the five compounds and lipase were further explored by molecular docking analysis. The developed HPTLC method could be used for quality control of Ophiopogonis Radix and screening of the potential lipase inhibitors.     

Towards a unified recurrent neural network theory: The uniformly pseudo-projection-anti-monotone net

In the past decades, various neural network models have been developed for modeling the behavior of human brain or performing problem-solving through simulating the behavior of human brain. The recurrent neural networks are the type of neural networks to model or simulate associative memory behavior of human being. A recurrent neural network (RNN) can be generally formalized as a dynamic system associated with two fundamental operators: one is the nonlinear activation operator deduced from the input-output properties of the involved neurons, and the other is the synaptic connections (a matrix) among the neurons. Through carefully examining properties of various activation functions used, we introduce a novel type of monotone operators, the uniformly pseudo-projectionanti-monotone (UPPAM) operators, to unify the various RNN models appeared in the literature. We develop a unified encoding and stability theory for the UPPAM network model when the time is discrete. The established model and theory not only unify but also jointly generalize the most known results of RNNs. The approach has lunched a visible step towards establishment of a unified mathematical theory of recurrent neural networks.