Electron-electron dipolar splitting anisotropy of a dinitroxide oriented in a crystalline matrix

An electron spin resonance study was performed on a dinitroxide, 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxyl-oxazolidme-2-spiro-4'-(2',2',6',6'-tetramethyl-1'-oxyl-piperidine) oriented in single crystals of the corresponding diamine. The electron-electron dipolar interaction between the two unpaired electrons gives rise to a doublet splitting, characterized by the zero field parameters D = ± 216 G and E = ±5G (both values ± 2 %). The anisotropy of the splitting was measured and is accounted for by a first order treatment of the dinitroxide spin Hamiltonian.     

Ferroelectrics with composition gradient: On the nature of hysteresis loop shift

Possible reasons of the difference in polarization characteristics of thin-film and bulk ferroelectrics with a composition gradient have been considered.