Perpendicular magnetic recording—Its development and realization—

The principle of conventional magnetic recording is that magnetic fields are applied parallel to the plane of the magnetic medium. As described in this paper, the invention and development of a new method of placing the magnetized information perpendicular to the plane of the magnetic recording medium is presented. The yield in the mass production of high-density hard disk drives (HDDs) for perpendicular recording is much higher than that of HDDs for conventional recording. Consequently, it is estimated that as many as 75% of the 500 million HDDs to be shipped this year will use this technology.     

Perpendicular magnetic recording—Its development and realization

Development of perpendicular magnetic recording is summarized along with learning from the research study. The early stage of perpendicular recording was conducted with the research philosophy of complementarity between perpendicular and horizontal recordings. Although present production of the perpendicular recording HDDs exceeds 600 million per year, development of perpendicular recording experienced the valley of death in the 1990s. The difficult period was overcome by the collaboration system of industrial and academic communities. The research on perpendicular recording brought about development of new research model as well as the historical view of the development of technology and innovation. The huge influence of perpendicular recording on society also taught us the relationship between science and technology with culture and civilization.     

An enzyme-encapsulated microreactor for efficient theanine synthesis

A flow-type microreactor containing glutaminase-mesoporous silica composites with 10.6 nm pore diameter (TMPS10.6) was developed for the continuous synthesis of theanine, a unique amino acid. High enzymatic activity was exhibited by the local control of the reaction temperature.     

Application of Surface Relief Hologram Using Azobenzene Containing Polymer Film

Surface relief holograms are fabricated by irradiation of laser interference patterns on an azobenzene polymer film. The hologram needs no post-treatment, and can be erased by heating the films to above its glass transition temperature. Rewritable Fresnel holograms are fabricated on azo-polymer film. Replication of the surface relief hologram is also demonstrated. An application for business cards is considered.     

An acidic polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the roots and rhizomes of Saposhnikovia divaricata

An acidic polysaccharide, named saposhnikovan C, was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischk. It was homogeneous as judged by electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. It is composed of D-galacturonic acid:L-rhamnose:L-arabinose:D-galactose in a molar ratio of 27:7:8:8, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 132000. About 30% of the D-galacturonic acid residues exist as the methyl esters. O-Acetyl groups were identified, and the content amounted to 3.3%. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, and controlled Smith degradation studies indicated the structural features. It has a pectin-like rhamnogalacturonan backbone with branched arabinan and galactan side chains.     

Wasserstein statistics in one-dimensional location scale models

Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics - Wasserstein geometry and information geometry are two important structures to be introduced in a manifold of probability distributions....     

Palladium(0) catalyzed 3-aza-cope rearrangement of N-allylenamines

Pd(0) complexes catalyze the 3-Aza-Cope rearrangement of N-allylenamines to the corresponding δ,ε-unsaturated imines or γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of trifluoro-acetic acid as co-catalyst.     

Matched Spatial Filtering by Primitive Reference Patterns and Correlation Diagrams for Shape Invariant Pattern Recognition

In this paper, twelve linear primitive reference patterns are proposed for synthesizing a matched spatial filter, known as a shape invariant filter, which can recognize all patterns with various shapes. Furthermore, reprocessed data, given by correlation between the input object of the system and the reference patterns “correlation diagrams” are introduced for processing peak signals in a digital system. By correlating the diagram from the input object with the standard diagrams, the 26 of the alphabet letters were recognized in the experiment. Moreover, feasibility of the rotational invariance of the filter was suggested by the computer simulation.     

Enzymatic synthesis of chondroitin and its derivatives catalyzed by hyaluronidase

The enzymatic polymerization to provide synthetic chondroitin and its derivatives is reported here, the first example of such in vitro synthesis to date. N-Acetylchondrosine (GlcAbeta(1-->3)GalNAc) oxazoline (1a) and its derivatives (1b-1f) were designed and synthesized as novel transition state analogue substrate monomers for catalysis by hyaluronidase. Hyaluronidase is a hydrolysis enzyme of chondroitin that also catalyzes the formation of repeated glycosidic bonds in in vitro synthesis, rather than in the catabolic direction. Monomers of 2-methyl (1a), 2-ethyl (1b), and 2-vinyl (1f) oxazoline derivatives were polymerized using this enzyme, via ring-opening polyaddition with total control of regioselectivity and stereochemistry. These reactions provided the corresponding synthetic chondroitin (natural type; N-acetyl, 2a) and the derivatives (unnatural type) with N-propionyl (2b) and N-acryloyl (2f) functional groups at the C2 position of all the galactosamine units, in good yields. Monomers of 2-n-propyl (1c) and 2-isopropyl (1d) oxazoline derivatives were polymerized to produce 2c and 2d in low yield. The 2-phenyl oxazoline derivative (1e) did not afford any enzyme-catalyzed products. M(n) values of 2a and 2b reached 4800 and 4000, respectively. The M(n) value of 2a corresponds to that of the naturally occurring chondroitin. Thus, hyaluronidase catalysis allows the in vitro production of not only natural type but also the formation of unnatural type chondroitins.