Metal-ion-assisted hydrolysis of dipeptides involving a serine residue in a neutral aqueous solution

Dipeptides having a serine residue at the C-terminus, X-Ser, where X is an appropriate amino acid residue, were efficiently hydrolyzed in the presence of ZnCl2 at pH 7.0. The rapid hydrolysis of X-Ser is due to an autocatalysis of the hydroxy group in the serine residue, and is found to be accelerated by a metal ion, in particular by ZnCl2. Roles of the metal ion in the hydrolysis of peptides involving a serine residue, in relation to the recently reported protein cleavages, are discussed.     

Highly flexible polyelectrolyte nanotubes

A pressure-filter-template approach was employed to prepare polyelectrolyte nanotubes through layer-by-layer deposition in the alumina template. With the thicker wall, the ordered polymer nanotubes possess a high flexibility. The results demonstrate that the electrostatic interactions of polyelectrolytes play a key role in fabricating water-soluble charged polymer nanotubes. The structure of the polyelectrolyte nanotube was confirmed by SEM, TEM, and UV, respectively.     

Intramolecular proton transfer induced by divalent alkali earth metal cation in the gas state

Interactions between divalent alkali earth metal (DAEM) ions M (M?Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and the second stable glycine conformer in the gas phase, which can transfer into the ground‐state glycine‐M²⁺ (except the glycine–Be²⁺) among each corresponding isomers when these divalent metal ions are bound, are studied at the hybrid three‐parameter B3LYP level with three different basis sets. Proton transfers from the hydroxyl to the amino nitrogen of the glycine without energy barriers have been first observed in the gas phase in these glycine–M²⁺ systems. The interaction between the glycine and these DAEM ions except beryllium and magnesium ion only create an amino hydrogen pointing to the original hydroxyl due to their weaker interaction relative to those divalent transition metal (DTM) ion‐bound glycine derivatives, being obviously different from that between the glycine and DTM ions, in which two amino hydrogens point to the original hydroxyl oxygen when these metal‐chelated glycine derivatives are produced. The interaction energy between the glycine and divalent magnesium would be the boundary of one or two amino hydrogens pointing to the hydrogyl oxygen, i.e., the ?170.3 kcal/mol of binding energy is a critical point. Similar intramolecular proton transfer has also been predicted for those DTM ion‐chelated glycine systems; however, that in the gas state has not been observed in the monovalent metal ion‐coordinated glycine systems. The binding energy between some monovalent TM ion and the glycine is similar to that of the glycine–Ba²⁺, which has the lowest binding strength among these DAEM–ion chelated glycine complexes. The difference among them only lies in the larger electrostatic and polarized effects in the latter, which favor the stability of the zwitterionic glycine form in the gas phase. According to these observations, we predict that the zwitterionic glycine would exist in the field of two positive charges in the gas phase. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 205–214, 2003     

Comprehensive Mechanism for CO Electroreduction on Dual-Atom-Catalyst-Anchored N-Doped Graphene

Carbon neutrality has drawn increasing attention for realizing the carbon cyclization and reducing the greenhouse effect. Although the C1 products, such as CO, can be achieved with a high Faraday efficiency, the targeted production of C2 fuels as well as the mechanism have not been systematically investigated. In this work, we carry out a first-principles study to screen dual-atom catalysts (DACs) for producing C2 fuels through the electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction reaction (e-CORR). We find that methanol, ethanol and ethylene can be produced on both DAC−Co and DAC−Cu, while acetate can be achieved on DAC−Cu only. Importantly, methanol and ethylene are preferred on DAC−Co, while acetate and ethylene on DAC−Cu. Furthermore, we show that the explicit solvent can enhance the adsorption and influence the protonation steps, which subsequently affects the protonation and dimerization behavior as well as the performance and selectivity of e-CORR on DACs. We further demonstrate that the C−C coupling is easy to be formed and stabilized if the Integrated Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (ICOHP) is low because of the low energy barrier. Our findings provide not only guidance on the design of novel catalysts for e-CORR, but an insightful understanding on the reduction mechanism.     

瑞利光散射技术快速测定萝卜红色素中痕量Pb(Ⅱ)

建立了快速测定Pb(Ⅱ)的瑞利散射(RLS)新方法。在Tris-HCl缓冲介质中,溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)增敏溴甲酚绿(BCG),使瑞利散射显著增强,最大瑞利散射峰位于345nm,CTMAB-BCG进一步与Pb(Ⅱ)结合后生成的三元复合物的瑞利散射增强程度(|ΔIRLS|)与0.006~0.41mg/L范围Pb(Ⅱ)的质量浓度呈线性关系,定量限为0.053mg/kg。方法用于萝卜红色素中Pb(Ⅱ)的测定,回收率为98.5%~102%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~2.5%。     

基于弹性统计理论的硅橡胶纳米复合材料本构关系的建立

基于考虑了悬垂链的橡胶弹性统计模型,通过引入应变放大因子,建立了硅橡胶纳米复合材料的基于微观机制的本构关系,其中利用硅橡胶分子信息(分子量M、乙烯基含量wt_(Vi)%)、乙烯基反应程度(q)估算获得本构方程中的交联点间链段分子量(Mc),网络链(network strands)体积分数(Φ)等参数,通过拟合确定了与纳米粒子相关的部分参数(初始应变放大因子X_0,极限应变放大因子X_∞,衰减因子z),对掺杂白炭黑的单组分及长短链配合硅橡胶拉伸应力-应变数据进行拟合,在采用相同X_∞,z值情形下,拟合曲线仍能与实测值符合较好(拟合的Adj.R-Square值分别为0.99576、0.99596)。基于微观物理机制的本构关系能够成为联系微观分子结构参数与宏观应力的桥梁,本文工作有望为更有针对性地改进和优化硅橡胶的性能提供依据。     

中空花状可见光响应催化剂g-C_3N_4@BiOCl的制备及其光催化活性

以g-C_3N_4/H_2SO_4溶液和硝酸铋为前驱体,采用自组装法制备了中空花状且具有可见光响应能力的异质结光催化剂gC_3N_4@BiOCl。利用X射线衍射、电子扫描显微镜、高分辨透射电镜、X射线能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱及X射线光电子能谱等表征手段确证了催化剂的结构。该催化剂能够有效地实现光生电子-空穴的分离,表现出优异的可见光催化活性。通过对50 mg·L~(-1)罗丹明B的降解实验验证了g-C_3N_4@BiOCl的光催化活性,在可见光条件下(λ≥420 nm)的降解效率优良,12 min即可达到99%。     

纳米零价铁活化分子氧原理及降解有机污染物性能增强策略

纳米零价铁直接还原降解有机污染物运行长效性差,且不能矿化有机污染物.利用纳米零价铁还原活化分子氧生成活性氧物种可以氧化甚至矿化有机污染物.在最近的研究中,作者提出了纳米零价铁活化分子氧的双途径机理,即铁核电子转移到氧化铁壳表面的双电子还原活化分子氧途径和氧化铁表面结合态亚铁离子的单电子还原活化分子氧途径,阐释了纳米零价铁核壳结构依赖的分子氧活化降解有机污染物性能机制及性能增强策略.证实在纳米零价铁活化分子氧体系添加少量亚铁离子能在零价铁表面形成更多的结合态亚铁,显著增强纳米铁表界面活性氧物种生成量;同时,在纳米零价铁活化分子氧体系中引入少量有机或无机配体亦可提高活性氧物种产生效率,从而增强有机污染物降解性能.最后讨论了典型环境因素如pH值、共存离子、天然有机物等影响纳米零价铁活化分子氧降解有机污染物性能的规律.     

“化学在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中扮演的重要角色”专题教学

Considering COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, education materials were excavated and refined, such as chemical disinfectants, typical drugs used in clinical treatment or trial and materials for preparation of medical protective equipment. We have carried out thematic teaching on "The important role of chemistry in the fight against COVID-19 epidemic", and integrated ideological and political education into the thematic teaching. Through thematic teaching, we can make students feel the charm of chemistry subject, stimulate students' interest in learning chemistry, fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and initiative, strengthen students' confidence and courage to overcome difficulties, cultivate the students' professional disciplines literacy and scientific literacy, activate students' love for the motherland, the people and the Communist Party of China.     

Myrmekiosides a and b, novel mono-o-alkyl-diglycosylglycerols reversing tumor cell morphology of ras-transformed cells from a marine sponge of myrmekioderma sp

Novel mono-O-alkyl-diglycosylglycerols named myrmekiosides A (1) and B (2) were isolated from a marine sponge of Myrmekioderma sp. and their absolute stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Myrmekiosides A (1) and B (2) reversed the phenotype of melanoma H-ras transformed NIH3T3 cells at 5 μg/ml.