Comparative analysis and quantitative evaluation of the field of view and the viewing zone of single-shot phase-shifting digital holography using space-division multiplexing

We comparatively analyzed and quantitatively evaluated the field of view and the viewing zone of single-shot phaseshifting digital holography that uses space-division multiplexing, for the first time. We formulated the sampling intervals in the techniques in which the phase of the reference wave is spatially divided into two and four steps, and numerically simulated the areas. It was clarified that each area of the spatial two-step phase-shifting technique was twice as wide as that of the spatial four-step phase-shifting technique. We also experimentally investigated the areas. The ghost appeared for the spatial four-step technique when the object was between the boundary of the field of view of the spatial two-step technique and that of the spatial four-step technique, but did not appear for the spatial two-step technique.     

Catalytic C−H Borylation Using Iron Complexes Bearing 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydroisoindol‐2‐ide‐Based PNP‐Type Pincer Ligand

Catalytic C?H borylation has been reported using newly designed iron complexes bearing a 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoindol‐2‐ide‐based PNP pincer ligand. The reaction tolerated various five‐membered heteroarenes, such as pyrrole derivatives, as well as six‐membered aromatic compounds, such as toluene. Successful examples of the iron‐catalyzed sp³ C?H borylation of anisole derivatives were also presented.     

Binding of a Telomestatin Derivative Changes the Mechanical Anisotropy of a Human Telomeric G‐Quadruplex

Mechanical anisotropy is an essential property for biomolecules to assume structural and functional roles in mechanobiology. However, there is insufficient information on the mechanical anisotropy of ligand–biomolecule complexes. Herein, we investigated the mechanical property of individual human telomeric G‐quadruplexes bound to telomestatin, using optical tweezers. Stacking of the ligand to the G‐tetrad planes changes the conformation of the G‐quadruplex, which resembles a balloon squeezed in certain directions. Such a squeezed balloon effect strengthens the G‐tetrad planes, but dislocates and weakens the loops in the G‐quadruplex upon ligand binding. These dynamic interactions indicate that the binding between the ligand and G‐quadruplex follows the induced‐fit model. We anticipate that the altered mechanical anisotropy of the ligand–G‐quadruplex complex can add additional level of regulations on the motor enzymes that process DNA or RNA molecules.     

QEX: target-specific druglikeness filter enhances ligand-based virtual screening

Molecular Diversity - Druglikeness is a useful concept for screening drug candidate compounds. We developed QEX, which is a new druglikeness index specific to individual targets. QEX is an...     

A simple coarse-grained model for interacting protein complex

ABSTRACT

We present a simple coarse-grained model in which each amino acid residue is represented by one coarse-grained particle for interacting protein complex. In order to determine the coarse-grained potential function of the interaction between amino acid residues, free energy profile as a function of the distance between amino acid side chains is investigated by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with thermodynamic integration method. The Langevin dynamics simulation with Gō-like model and our coarse-grained model reproduces homotetramer complex structure of GCN4-pLI and shows that interaction between hydrophobic amino acid residues promote the association of GCN4-pLI monomers.     

Control of anisotropic diffraction in liquid-crystal composite volume gratings

Orientation-controlled anisotropic diffraction gratings are realized by interferometric exposure using composite materials of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) and LC diacrylate monomers. The anisotropic diffraction properties in volume gratings, which dominantly diffract p- or s-polarized light, are shown to be controlled by the rubbed directions of the alignment layers under the control of the photopolymerization temperature. Images of the fringe patterns observed by polarization microscopy show the effects of the alignment layers on the LC orientation during grating formation.     

Facile Multiple Alkylations of C60 Fullerene

The reduction of fullerene (C₆₀) with sodium dispersion in the presence of an excess amount of dipropyl sulfate was found to yield highly propylated fullerene, C₆₀(nC₃H₇)_n (max. n = 24), and C₆₀(nC₃H₇)₂₀ was predominantly generated as determined by mass spectroscopy.     

Reduced stress‐optical coefficient of polycarbonate by antiplasticization

We have investigated the effect of antiplasticization on the stress‐optical behavior of polycarbonate (PC) containing terphenyls (tPh) and di(2‐ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA). Addition of the three tPhs (p‐, o‐, and m‐tPh) and DEHA at contents of 5–10 wt % increases the tensile storage modulus (E' ) of PC owing to the antiplasticization effect. In particular, p‐tPh increases E' more than the other additives, suggesting that the rod‐like shape matches the free volume of PC in the glassy state. The three tPh isomers improve the glassy birefringence of PC while DEHA does not change the glassy birefringence, which corresponds to the polarizability anisotropy. The stress‐optical coefficient, a ratio of stress and birefringence, of PC decreases with increasing additive content in order of p‐tPh ? o‐tPh > m‐tPh = DEHA. This result is agreement with a restricted rotational motion of additive molecule in PC, which is observed in dynamic mechanical and birefringence data. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55 , 1837–1842     

The (2+1)-dimensional supersymmetric CPN−1 model and the central charge

The supersymmetry algebra is examined for the (2+1)-dimensional supersymmetric CP^N?1 model, on the basis of the observation of Witten and Olive in (1+1) and (3+1) dimensions. We then demonstrate that also in this (2+1)-dimensional model the usual supersymmetry algebra is modified by the appearance of the topological numbers of the solitons, which are nothing but the instantons in (1+1) dimensions, as central charges. To obtain the model, we begin by constructing the supersymmetric model in (3+1) dimensions. Then it is reduced to (2+1) dimensions by means of the dimensional reduction technique. We observe that the (2+1)-dimensional supersymmetric CP^N?1 model thus obtained admits an O(2) extended supersymmetry.