Semi-metallic single-component crystal of soluble La@C82 derivative with high electron mobility

We prepared an organic conductor crystal having extremely high electron mobility, in which the adamantylidene (Ad) derivative of La@C(82) (an endohedral metallofullerene known as a n-type semiconductor) is aligned in an orderly fashion. The single-component crystal exhibits high electron mobility of μ > 10 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) along the c axis under normal temperatures and pressures in the atmosphere, as shown by flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements, which are the highest of reported organic conductors measured by TRMC. According to density functional calculations, the single crystal of La@C(82)Ad is semi-metallic, with a small band gap of 0.005 eV.     

Measurements of aerodynamic noise and wake flow field in a cooling fan with winglets

The aerodynamic noise and the wake flow field in a cooling fan under actual operating conditions are studied with and without winglets on the fan blades. In order to understand the influence of the winglet, the aerodynamic noise and the wake velocity distribution are measured. The results indicated that overall noise level decreased and the noise spectrum was changed in a low frequency range when the winglet was installed. It was found from the flow visualization and PIV measurement that the influence of the winglet appeared in the traces of the tip vortices and the magnitude of vorticity was reduced in the near wake region, which suggest the observed reduction in aerodynamic noise     

Photochemically grafted polystyrene layer assisting selective au electrodeposition

We describe the selective electrodeposition of submicrometer gold (Au) patterns achieved by a thin film resist layer of polystyrene (PS) that was exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light on a photoreactive monolayer of a benzophenone-containing alkylthiol formed on a Au-plated substrate and patterned by thermal nanoimprint lithography. The presence of a PS graft layer caused by the benzophenone monolayer photochemistry at an interface between the PS resist layer and photoreactive monolayer played the important role of suppressing the unfavorable growth of tiny Au grains in regions masked with the PS resist layer, resulting in the selective Au electrodeposition in aperture regions of PS resist patterns. The suppressive effect on selective Au electrodeposition depended on the molecular weight of PS used as a resist material. Among unimodal PSs having weight-average molecular weights (M(w)'s) of 2100, 10?900, and 106?000 g mol(-1), the PS of M(w) = 10?900 g mol(-1) functioned most effectively as the resist layer. Au electrodeposition at a low current density allowed the preparation of Au lines having widths of submicrometers and a uniform height independent of line widths in resist aperture regions. Submicrometer bump structures of Au lines could be fabricated on transparent silica substrates by the subsequent wet etching of a Au electrode layer and then a chromium adhesive layer.     

A paradigmatic change: linking fullerenes to electron acceptors

The potential of Lu(3)N@C(80) and its analogues as electron acceptors in the areas of photovoltaics and artificial photosynthesis is tremendous. To this date, their electron-donating properties have never been explored, despite the facile oxidations that they reveal when compared to those of C(60). Herein, we report on the synthesis and physicochemical studies of a covalently linked Lu(3)N@C(80)-perylenebisimide (PDI) conjugate, in which PDI acts as the light harvester and the electron acceptor. Most important is the unambiguous evidence--in terms of spectroscopy and kinetics--that corroborates a photoinduced electron transfer evolving from the ground state of Lu(3)N@C(80) to the singlet excited state of PDI. In stark contrast, the photoreactivity of a C(60)-PDI conjugate is exclusively governed by a cascade of energy-transfer processes. Also, the electron-donating property of the Lu(3)N@C(80) moiety was confirmed through constructing and testing a bilayer heterojunction solar cell device with a PDI and Lu(3)N@C(80) derivative as electron acceptor and electron donor, respectively. In particular, a positive photovoltage of 0.46 V and a negative short circuit current density of 0.38 mA are observed with PDI/Ca as anode and ITO/Lu(3)N@C(80) as cathode. Although the devices were not optimized, the sign of the V(OC) and the flow direction of J(SC) clearly underline the unique oxidative role of Lu(3)N@C(80) within electron donor-acceptor conjugates toward the construction of novel optoelectronic devices.     

Any chart with at most one crossing is a ribbon chart

In this paper, we shall show the one written in the title.