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171.
172.
Summary For two-electron atoms, the method of a variable exponent, which treats the orbital exponent (or effective nuclear charge) of an electron as an explicit function of the radial coordinate of the other electron, is studied. The method is shown to improve the energy and other electronic properties remarkably. An incorporation of the variable exponent into the Kellner approximation for He, for example, gives the energy –2.872 606 1 a.u., which is lower than the original Kellner energy by 0.024 949 8 a.u. and exceeds the Hartree-Fock limit energy by 0.010 926 1 a.u. The improvement due to the variable exponent originates from the inclusion of the charge and radial correlations. Applications of the method to the Eckart and Hylleraas approximations are also presented. 相似文献
173.
Shigeki Habaue Soichiro Murakami Hideyuki Higashimura 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(23):5872-5878
Novel oxovanadium(IV)–bisoxazoline catalysts, such as vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4)–(R)‐2,2′‐isopropylidenebis(4‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline) [(R)Phbox], for the asymmetric oxidative coupling polymerization (AOCP) of 2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene were developed. For example, the AOCP with VOSO4–(R)Phbox in CH2Cl2–MeOH [7/1 (v/v)] at room temperature for 24 h under an O2 atmosphere, followed by acetylation of the hydroxyl groups, afforded a polymer in a 58% yield with a specific rotation of [α]D = ?147. The enantioselectivity during the polymerization was estimated to be 80% enantiomeric excess (S), a value much higher than that observed for the polymerizations with the copper(I)‐based catalyst systems and the typical oxovanadium(IV) catalysts reported for the asymmetric oxidative coupling producing the 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol derivatives. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5872–5878, 2005 相似文献
174.
Hiroshi Aoki Yoshio Umezawa Alberto Vertova Sandra Rondinini 《Analytical sciences》2006,22(12):1581-1584
An ion-channel sensor was demonstrated by immobilizing ETH 1001, an ionophore for ion-selective electrodes, on a gold electrode surface. The approach for preparing the sensor was to incorporate the ionophore into a mixed self-assembled monolayer of 10-mercaptodecanesulfonate and 11-hydroxy-1-undecanethiol formed on the surface. The voltammetric responses for the thus prepared sensor to the primary cation Ca(2+) were observed by using [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) as an electroactive marker. The ionophore was stably immobilized on the electrode surface with the hydrophobic interaction between its alkyl chains and those of the alkanethiol. The introduction of a proper charge density to the electrode surface improved the sensor sensitivity with retaining the selective response to Ca(2+) against Mg(2+) with concentrations above 10(-4) M. 相似文献
175.
176.
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) layers with a thickness more than 10 nm can be formed at ∼120 °C by direct Si oxidation with nitric acid (HNO3). Si is initially immersed in 40 wt.% HNO3 at the boiling temperature of 108 °C, which forms a ∼1 nm SiO2 layer, and the immersion is continued after reaching the azeotropic point (i.e., 68 wt.% HNO3 at 121 °C), resulting in an increase in the SiO2 thickness. The nitric acid oxidation rates are the same for (1 1 1) and (1 0 0) orientations, and n-type and p-type Si wafers. The oxidation rate is constant at least up to 15 nm SiO2 thickness (i.e., 1.5 nm/h for single crystalline Si and 3.4 nm/h for polycrystalline Si (poly-Si)), indicating that the interfacial reaction is the rate-determining step. SiO2 layers with a uniform thickness are formed even on a rough surface of poly-Si thin film. 相似文献
177.
A report is presented on the crystalline to amorphous phase transition induced by the rod-milling of a mixture of Al and Ta powders using the mechanical alloying method. Based on the thermal and morphological analyses, it is shown that the mechanical alloying process is classified into three stages, i.e., the agglomeration, amorphization and homogenization stages. During the agglomeration and amorphization stages, a thermal-assisted amorphization leads to the formation of an amorphous phase by a solid-state amorphization reaction. At the homogenization stage, however, an amorphous phase with fine nanostructure is formed due to the mechanical driving force generated by the shear force of the rods. 相似文献
178.
The present paper describes the flow characteristics around a rotating grooved circular cylinder with grooves of different
depths. The surface structure of a circular cylinder was varied by changing the depths of 32 arc grooves on the surface. The
surface pressure on the cylinder is measured for theRe range of from 0.4×105 to 1.8×105 and for rotations of from 0 to 4500 rpm. The drag coefficient of a grooved cylinder increases as the spin rate ratio α (=
rotational speed of the cylinder surface/uniform velocity) increases forRe>1.0×105. As the groove depth increases, the drag coefficient of a grooved cylinder is independent from the spin rate ratio α. The
direction of the lift force of a smooth cylinder is opposite to the Magnus force forRe>1.0×105. However, the direction of the lift force of a grooved cylinder is the same as that of the Magnus force for allRe>1.0×105. As the groove depth increases, the increase in the slope of the lift coefficient becomes small. These phenomena are related
to the positions of the flow separation points, which are clarified from the pressure distribution and flow visualization
by the spark tracing method. In addition, in the present study, the flow around a rotating grooved cylinder is clarified by
flow visualization. 相似文献
179.
Chengming Wang Toshiyuki Nagahashi Koichi Aoki Jingyuan Chen 《Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry》2002,530(1-2)
The conductivity, κ, in a suspension of polystyrene sulfonic latex without supporting electrolyte showed a linear dependence on the volume fraction, vf, of the latex for vf<0.03 with a finite intercept. In contrast, this deviated upward from the linear line for vf>0.03. These variations were qualitatively consistent with the dependence of the voltammetric reduction current of H+ on vf without supporting electrolyte. The current values were only a few percent of the theoretical diffusion-controlled current that could be observed in the suspension with supporting electrolyte. This fact indicates the electrostatic immobilization of the hydrogen ions by sulfonic latex particles. A plot of the current against κ at common values of vf showed that the current for vf>0.07 was smaller than the value predicted from the conductivity. This can be explained in terms of a combination of the increase in electrostatically unbounded H+ estimated by conductance measurements and electric migration in which the electrochemical depletion of [H+] also causes the depletion of the latex. 相似文献
180.
Kazuhisa Uomi Masahiro Aoki Tomonobu Tsuchiya Atsushk Takai 《Fiber and Integrated Optics》1994,13(1):17-29
The high-speed modulation properties of 1.5 μm multiquantum-well λ/4-shifted DFB lasers are filly reviewed. In particular, the dependence of intrinsic dynamic properties, such as relaxation oscillation frequency, nonlinear damping phenomenon, and spectral chirping under 10 Gbit/s direct modulation, on the number of quantum wells is systematically investigated and compared with those of bulk lasers. The results indicate that the dependence of the above three factors on the number of wells is clearly explained by the linear gain saturation of the quantum-well lasers and that the optimum number of wells should be more than ten in order to increase the modulation bandwidth. 相似文献