Bis‐benzimidazolium‐palladium system catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction of aryl bromides under mild conditions

Bis‐benzimidazolium salts were prepared successfully from commercially available and inexpensive o‐phenylenediamine through a series of simple reactions. The bis‐NHC‐Pd complexes prepared in situ can catalyze Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction under very mild conditions in aqueous media with excellent yields. The efficiency of this reaction is demonstrated by its compatibility with a range of functional groups. Di‐ortho‐substituted biaryls could be accomplished in 89–99% yields. Moreover, the rigorous exclusion of air or moisture is not required in these transformations.     

Chemoselective and enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of β,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes catalyzed by a water-insoluble chiral diamine–rhodium complex in water

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of β,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes catalyzed by a chiral diamine–rhodium complex in combination with HCO₂Na–HCO₂H as a hydrogen source in water was successfully realized with high reactivity, excellent chemoselectivity and good enantioselectivity. The metal precursor and pH value of the aqueous solution have a large influence on the reactivity and chemoselectivity. The substituents on the benzene rings and the sulfonyl groups of TsDPEN have significant effects on the enantioselectivity. This catalytic asymmetric transformation is one of the most practical pathways to obtain optically active nitroalkanes.     

Closed hypersurfaces with prescribed Weingarten curvature in Riemannian manifolds

In this paper we consider the problem of finding closed hypersurfaces with prescribed Weingarten curvature in a large class of Riemannian manifolds. Under some sufficient conditions, we obtain an existence result by establishing a priori estimates and standard degree theory for the admissible solutions to the prescribed curvature equation. We mainly show that the primary technique developed in Urbas, Wang and the second author’s work in 2004 is flexible enough to be used in more general ambient geometry.     

复合冷凝空调机组的分析

以家用分体式空调作为节能改造对象,将传统单一冷凝改进为复合冷凝,即在压缩机排气管路上串联一个水冷冷凝器,吸收部分冷凝热制备生活热水。并在此基础上建立了分析模型。模拟计算结果表明,复合冷凝空调的目的效率得到了大大的提高,当空调的蒸发温度为0℃、冷凝温度为30℃时,空调目的效率由单一冷凝时的52%上升到70%。     

Possible implications of the channeling effect in NaI(Tl) crystals

The channeling effect of low energy ions along the crystallographic axes and planes of NaI(Tl) crystals is discussed in the framework of corollary investigations on WIMP dark matter candidates. In fact, the modeling of this existing effect implies a more complex evaluation of the luminosity yield for low energy recoiling Na and I ions. In the present paper related phenomenological arguments are developed and possible implications are discussed at some extent. PACS 95.35.+d     

Equilibrium of drops on inclined fibers

Why is it that drops do not slip down inclined thin fibers or spider silks? The possible explanation is based on the existence of fiber size, which causes a sustaining force that pins these drops. Following this explanation, the drop remains in equilibrium until a critical value of the sustaining force is reached. We suggest an alternative analyses, from the point of view of the inclined fiber at which the drop slips down is predicted. This result does not depend explicitly on silk surface roughness, but only on the drop size and surface tensions.