全文获取类型
收费全文 | 373篇 |
免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 249篇 |
晶体学 | 3篇 |
力学 | 3篇 |
数学 | 74篇 |
物理学 | 63篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 29篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 6篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有392条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
Saeed Ahmad Haseeba Sadaf Muhammad Altaf Helen Stoeckli-Evans Seerat-ur-Rehman Sarfaraz Ahmed Bashir 《Crystallography Reports》2013,58(5):692-696
Two mercury(II) complexes containing cyanide and, N,N′-diethylthiourea (detu) and N,N′-dipropylthiourea (dprtu) ligands, [(detu)2Hg(CN)2] (1) and [(dprtu)2Hg(CN)2] (2), respectively, have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. In the both complexes Hg atom lies on a 2-fold rotation axis, and is coordinated to the sulfur atoms of two thiourea ligands and to two cyanide carbon atoms. Both have a distorted tetrahedral environment with bond angles about the Hg atoms in the range of 93.41(4)°–146.75(19)°. In the crystal structures symmetry related molecules are linked via N-H-N hydrogen bonds resulting in the formation of a two-dimensional network in 1, while in 2 a double stranded one-dimensional chain is formed. 相似文献
142.
Bashir Ahmed Tahir Rashid Ahmed M. G. B. Ashiq Afaq Ahmed M. A. Saeed 《中国物理 B》2012,21(4):44201-044201
This study deals with Nd:YAG laser cutting nonmetallic materials, which is one of the most important and popular industrial applications of laser. The main theme is to evaluate the effects of Nd:YAG laser beam power besides work piece scanning speed. For approximate cutting depth, a theoretical study is conducted in terms of material property and cutting speed. Results show a nonlinear relation between the cutting depth and input energy. There is no significant effect of speed on cutting depth with the speed being larger than 30 mm/s. An extra energy is utilized in the deep cutting. It is inferred that as the laser power increases, cutting depth increases. The experimental outcomes are in good agreement with theoretical results. This analysis will provide a guideline for laser-based industry to select a suitable laser for cutting, scribing, trimming, engraving, and marking nonmetallic materials. 相似文献
143.
Shazia Bashir Nazar Farid Khaliq Mahmood M. Shahid Rafique 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2012,107(1):203-212
The ablation of Cd has been performed by employing Q-switched Nd: YAG 10 ns laser pulses with a central wavelength of 1064 nm
for a pulsed energy of 200 mJ under various ambient environments of argon, air and helium. The optical emission spectroscopy
of Cd plasma has been studied under different filling pressures of shield gases ranging from 5 torr to 760 torr using LIBS
spectrometer system. The effect of different gases and their pressures on the intensity of spectral emission, electron temperature
and density of the laser-produced plasma has been investigated. SEM analysis has been performed to investigate the dependence
of surface morphological changes of an irradiated target on the nature and pressure of an ambient gas. A strong correlation
has revealed the vital role of electron temperature and density of laser-induced plasma for the surface modification of Cd.
These results strongly indicate that the nature and pressure of the ambient atmosphere is one of the controlling factors of
the plasma characteristics, as well as the factors related to the laser energy absorption for surface modification. 相似文献
144.
Shazia Bashir M. Shahid Rafique Wolfgang Husinsky 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2012,109(2):421-429
Ultra-fast electronic and thermal processes for the energy deposition mechanism during femtosecond laser ablation of Si have been identified by means of atomic force microscopy and Raman scattering techniques. For this purpose, Si targets were exposed with 800-nm, 25-fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses for different laser fluencies in air and under UHV (ultra high vacuum) conditions. Various nano- and microstructures on the surface of the irradiated samples are revealed by a detailed surface topography analysis. Ultra-fast electronic processes are dominant in the lower-fluence regime. Therefore, by starting from the ablation threshold three different fluence regimes have been chosen: a lower-fluence regime (0.06–0.5 J?cm?2 single-shot irradiation under UHV condition and 0.25–2.5 J?cm?2 single-shot irradiation in ambient condition), a moderate-fluence regime (0.25–1.5 J?cm?2 multiple-shot irradiation), and a higher-fluence regime (2.5–3.5 J?cm?2 multiple-shot irradiation). Around the ablation threshold fluence, most significant features identified at the Si surface are nanohillock-like structures. The appearance of these nanohillocks is regarded as typical features for fast electronic processes (correlated with existence of hot electrons) and is explained on the basis of Coulomb explosion. The growth of these typical features (nanohillocks) by femtosecond laser irradiation is an element of novelty. At moderate irradiation fluence, a ring-shaped ablation with larger bumps and periodic surface structures is observed and is considered as a footprint of ultra-fast melting. Further increase in the laser fluence, i.e. a higher-fluence regime, resulted in strong enhancement of the thermal process with the appearance of larger islands. The change in surface topography provides an innovative clue to differentiate between ultra-fast electronic processes, i.e. Coulomb explosion (sub-100 fs) at a lower-fluence regime and ultra-fast melting (hundreds of fs) at a moderate-fluence regime, and slow thermal processes (ps time scale) at a higher-fluence regime. These fast electronic and thermal processes are well correlated to structural and crystallographic alterations, inferred from Raman spectroscopy. 相似文献
145.
A new melilotic ester, meliloester [2-ethyl-hexyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], was isolated from the whole plant of Melilotus alba. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, including EI-MS, HR-MS, and UV, IR, 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic studies. 相似文献
146.
Adnan Bashir CHANG Lei Ian C. Cloet Bruno El-Bennich LIU Yu-Xin Craig D. Roberts Peter C. Tandy 《理论物理通讯》2012,58(1):79-134
We survey contemporary studies of hadrons and strongly interacting quarks using QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations, addressing the following aspects: confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking; the hadron spectrum; hadron elastic and transition form factors, from small- to large-Q2; parton distribution functions; the physics of hadrons containing one or more heavy quarks; and properties of the quark gluon plasma. 相似文献
147.
Khashayar Rajabimoghadam Yousef Darwish Umyeena Bashir Dylan Pitman Sidney Eichelberger Maxime A. Siegler 《Journal of Coordination Chemistry》2019,72(8):1346-1357
AbstractIn this research article, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a family of first-row metal complexes bearing redox-active ligands with tunable H-bonding donors. We observed that these coordination complexes can adopt three different geometries and that they are stabilized by intramolecular multicenter H-bonding interactions, which are systematically modified by changing the metal ion (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), the ligand scaffold (variations in the diamine and ureanyl substituents used) and the solvent of crystallization. 相似文献
148.
Imran Rizvi Shubhankar Nath Girgis Obaid Mustafa Kemal Ruhi Kaitlin Moore Shazia Bano David Kessel Tayyaba Hasan 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2019,95(1):419-429
A major objective in developing new treatment approaches for lethal tumors is to reduce toxicity to normal tissues while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) provides a mechanistically distinct approach to treat tumors without the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. PDT involves the light‐based activation of a small molecule, a photosensitizer (PS), to generate reactive molecular species (RMS) that are toxic to target tissue. Depending on the PS localization, various cellular and subcellular components can be targeted, causing selective photodamage. It has been shown that targeted lysosomal photodamage followed by, or simultaneous with, mitochondrial photodamage using two different PS results in a considerable enhancement in PDT efficacy. Here, two liposomal formulations of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD): (1) Visudyne (clinically approved) and (2) an in‐house formulation entrapping a lipid conjugate of BPD are used in combination with direct PS localization to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, enabling simultaneous photodamage to all three organelles using a single wavelength of light. Building on findings by our group, and others, this study demonstrates, for the first time in a 3D model for ovarian cancer, that BPD‐mediated photodestruction of lysosomes and mitochondria/ER significantly enhances PDT efficacy at lower light doses than treatment with either PS formulation alone. 相似文献
149.
Pulse spreading due to the dispersion causes the overlapping of the transmitted pulses at the receiver end known as inter symbol interference (ISI). The ISI thus limits transmission of high speed data. We are living in the age of bandwidth hungry and high speed applications, for which optical networks form the most important part because of its high bandwidth. In optical networks chromatic dispersion (CD) is one of the main obstacle in high speed transmission. Hence this CD is compensated by various approaches throughout the transmission system. A review of all the main approaches is presented in this paper. Characterization of fiber Bragg grating for dispersion compensation is done using the reflection spectrum and group delay response analysis. 相似文献
150.
Bashir Ahmad Dar Nisar A. Dangroo Amit Gupta Aarti Wali Mohammad Akbar Khuroo Ram A. Vishwakarma Baldev Singh 《Tetrahedron letters》2014
Aerobic oxidative coupling of various arylamines and H-phosphonates to the corresponding N-arylphosphoramidates has been achieved under solvent-free conditions using molecular iodine. This protocol works at room temperature furnishing the corresponding P–N coupling products in moderate to high yields. 相似文献