Separation of antipyretic analgesics by open tubular capillary electrochromatography with homopolymer coatings

This study developed an open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography protocol for the analysis of antipyretic analgesic drugs, which used a multifunctional homopolymer as coating. A controlled/living radical polymerization strategy was adopted to obtain poly(N‐acryloxysuccinimide) with a tunable chain‐length. The homopolymer coating enhanced the separation performance by contributing to the hydrophobic and hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the analytes and the homopolymer. The effect of polymer chain‐length and buffer pH and concentration on the separation efficiency was evaluated. In this approach, baseline separation of the three test drugs was achieved within 15 min. The repeatability of the prepared homopolymer coating was investigated, with the relative standard deviations < 2.88% observed in intra‐ and interday runs. Good linearity in the 5–800 µM range (R² ≥ 0.998) demonstrates that accurate quantitative analysis of real samples was achieved. Moreover, the proposed assay was used to quantify the three drugs (aminopyrine, 4‐aminoantipyrine, and phenacetin) in urine samples, achieving recovery rates between 92.1 and 108.7%. This promising methodology may be used for the analysis of drugs in real bio‐samples and for the development of unique homopolymer coatings for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography systems.     

Vacuum-free fabrication of high-performance semitransparent perovskite solar cells via e-glue assisted lamination process

From a base material of conductive polymer(poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate),PEDOT:PSS),a flexible and high-conductivity(as low as 45Ω/sq)transparent electrode was fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane elastomer by an acid treatment and transfer process.Combined with the D-sorbitol-doped PEDOT:PSS electric glue,we successfully demonstrated a vacuum-free and ambient lamination fabrication process for semi-transparent perovskite solar cells using triple cation Cs_(0.05)(MA_(0.17)FA_(0.83))_(0.95)Pb(I_(0.83)Br_(0.17))_3perovskite.By this manufacturing-friendly lamination process,we fabricated semitransparent perovskite solar cell devices with power conversion efficiencies up to 16.4%and variable transparencies.     

Highly efficient and thermal stable guanidinium-based two-dimensional perovskite solar cells via partial substitution with hydrophobic ammonium

Layered two-dimensional(2D)perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)with a chemical formula of C(NH_2)_3(CH_3NH_3)_3Pb_3I_(10)(n=3)have been fabricated through additive engineering,wherein stoichiometrically equivalent guanidinium(GA~+)and methylammonium(MA~+)serve as spacer cations.The crystallinity of the perovskite films is dramatically enhanced with proper amount of methylammonium thiocyanate(MASCN)added into the precursor solution.In addition,we substitute a small amount of MA~+with hydrophobic phenylethylammonium(PEA~+),which can passivate trap states of the perovskite films.As a result,the open circuit voltage increases to 1.1 V and the best power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.12%is yielded.Furthermore,superior thermal stability and balanced moisture stability of the PEA-substituted GA-based PVSCs are demonstrated,compared to the popular 3D MAPbI_3and 2D PEA-based PVSCs.They retain approximately 80%of the original PCE after 30 d at 20%relative humidity(RH),and 50%of the original PCE after 3200 min at 85°C without any encapsulation.This work suggests a new route to achieve both heat and humidity stable PVSCs by simply mixing different spacer cations.     

Phenanthrene derivatives combined charge transport properties and strong solid-state emission

Science China Chemistry - As bifunctional materials, phenanthrene derivatives 2,7-diphenylphenanthrene and 2,7-di(styryl)phenanthrene (DPPa and DSPa) were designed and studied. Both materials show...     

Tertiary Amines Differentiated from Primary and Secondary Amines by Active Ester‐Functionalized Hexabenzoperylene in Field Effect Transistors

Herein, we report two novel derivatives of hexabenzoperylene (HBP) that are functionalized with ester groups. Methyl acetate functionalized HBP ( 1 ) in single crystals self‐assembles into a supramolecular nanosheet, which has a two‐dimensional π‐stack of HBP sandwiched between two layers of ester groups. With the same self‐assembly motif, active ester‐functionalized HBP ( 2 ) in field effect transistors has enabled differentiation of tertiary amines from primary and secondary amines, in agreement with the fact that active ester reacts with primary and secondary amines but not with tertiary amines to form amides.     

Double dehydrogenation of carbocyclic β-dicarbonyl compounds:Koser's reagent can do what iodine(V) reagents can

Koser's reagent is found to be effective in the oxidative double dehydrogenation of various carbocyclic β-dicarbonyl compounds,which constitutes the first example on dehydrogenation reactivity of hypervalent iodine(Ⅲ) reagents for carbocyclic carbonyl compounds. DFT calculations reveal that the rate-determining step is the electrophilic addition of PhI+OH onto enolate of monodehydrogenated product.     

Impact Force Identification on Carbon Fibre–Epoxy Honeycomb Composite Panel Based on Local Convex Curve Criterion

Experimental Mechanics - Identification of impact force is essential for various engineering applications, such as performance evaluation, design optimisation, noise suppression, and vibration...     

Numerical simulation of the effect of grain fragmentation on the evolution of microstructure quantities

Meccanica - In this paper the effect of grain fragmentation of a cohesionless granular material on the change of microstructure quantities is investigated using a micropolar continuum model. To...     

Generation and Propagation of Optical Superoscillatory Vortex Arrays

Superoscillation is an intriguing wave phenomenon which enables subwavelength features propagating into far field and hence has potential applications in super‐resolution microscopy as well as particle trapping and manipulation. While previous demonstrations mostly concentrate on designing complicated nanostructures for generating uncontrollable superoscillatory functions, here a new technique which allows for creating polynomially shaped superoscillatory functions that contain phase singularity arrays is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. Such a technique is implemented in optical experiments for the first time and controllable superoscillatory lobes with feature much below the diffraction limit is achieved. More importantly, a general theoretical framework, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported before, is developed to show how the created superoscillations propagate to a distance of many Rayleigh ranges and eventually disappear when the distance is sufficiently larger. The validity of the model is confirmed by the experiments. The results may trigger further studies in light field shaping and manipulations in subwavelength scale.     

One‐pot synthesis of benzimidazole‐pyrazines and their anticancer activities

The skeleton of fused benzimidazole‐pyrazine was constructed via an Ugi/deprotection/cyclization (UDC) and hydroamination cascade reaction. This four‐step reaction was carried out in a one‐pot procedure with only one‐time column chromatography purification. The representative compound 7b exhibited 67% cell growth inhibitory activity against human breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐453 at the concentration of 10μM.