全景视觉系统发展与应用

全景视觉系统具有视场范围大的特点,并且系统结构种类繁多,各有特色,已广泛应用在机器人导航、空间探测、视频监控、虚拟现实、环境感知技术等民用或军用领域;全景视觉系统由全景视觉光学成像系统、图像传感器、图像处理系统和输出图像显示等组成;文章主要从全景视觉成像角度对全景视觉系统进行分类,并详细介绍了每一类的全景成像原理、发展现状和应用情况,最后对每种类型全景视觉系统的优缺点给予分析总结。     

一种新型的渐变脊径向波导空间功率合成器设计

给出了一种新型的波导渐变脊的设计方法及其在波导空间功率合成器中的应用,该设计方法采用新型复合函数渐变曲线代替了传统的单一指数函数或三角函数渐变曲线,通过优化渐变脊的结构可以达到对频带内引起的谐振进行抑制的目的,并能降低功率合成器中的通路损耗;将该新型波导渐变脊结构用于30~40 GHz的波导空间功率合成器,经测试得到,由渐变脊组成的合成器部分在整个频段内插入损耗不足0.8 dB,整个无源合成器结构的输入端口驻波小于1.35,满足了合成器的使用要求。     

基于符号函数的注入反馈式蔡氏电路同步控制

蔡氏电路的状态变量不易引出,一般的同步控制方法难以硬件电路实现.针对此类含有电感、电容储能元件的混沌电路,提出一种注入反馈式混沌同步电路设计方法,通过引出状态变量,并在状态变量微分量未知的情况下对系统实施混沌控制.利用该方法,对运动行为不同的两个蔡氏系统,实现了基于符号函数的非线性投影同步控制研究,电路实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于Cu/SiO_x/Al结构的阻变存储器多值特性及机理的研究

采用氧化硅材料构建了Cu/SiOx/Al的三明治结构阻变存储器件.用半导体参数分析仪对其阻变特性进行测量,结果表明其具有明显的阻变特性,并且通过调节限制电流,得到了四个稳定的阻态,各相邻阻态的电阻比大于10,并且具有良好的数据保持能力.在不同温度条件下对各个阻态进行电学测试及拟合,明确了不同阻态的电子传输机理不尽相同:阻态1和阻态2为欧姆传导机制,阻态3为P-F(Pool-Frenkel)发射机制,阻态4为肖特基发射机制.根据电子传输机制,建立了铜细丝导电模型并对Cu/SiOx/Al阻变存储器件各个阻态的电致阻变机制进行解释.     

超宽带TEM喇叭天线优化设计与实验

针对用于成像雷达系统的超宽带TEM喇叭天线进行了优化设计,兼顾辐射性能、馈入反射和小尺寸条件,采用平滑渐变结构和加载技术代替原设计,增加了低频电流的回流通道,从而改善了天线的低频特性,增强了其定向辐射能力。在理论分析的基础上对其进行了仿真,并按照仿真结果实际制作了一副天线,对天线进行了测试。仿真与实测结果表明:在电压驻波系数小于2时,该天线具有11∶1的阻抗带宽,较强的辐射能力和良好的定性辐射特性,能够满足雷达系统的需求。     

2-巯基-5-甲基苯并咪唑振动光谱的密度泛函理论研究

本文选用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP杂化泛函,在B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p)水平下,优化了2-巯基-5-甲基苯并咪唑分子(MMBI)的结构,优化结果表明,2-巯基-5-甲苯并咪唑分子是一个近平面结构.通过频率计算,获得了2-巯基-5-甲基苯并咪唑分子(MMBI)的拉曼光谱,并和实验获得的拉曼光谱图进行了对比,实验和理论计算获得的拉曼光谱图基本上是一致的,表明本文选取的DFT理论计算方法是可靠的.结合VEDA4软件对2-巯基-5-甲基苯并咪唑分子的拉曼谱带简正振动模式进行了指认.此外,分析并讨论了2-巯基-5-甲基苯并咪唑分子(MMBI)前线轨道,HOMO和LUMO轨道能级差为4.51 eV,电子有从HOMO跃迁到LUMO的趋势.采用含时密度泛函理论(time dependent density functional theory, TDDFT)对2-巯基-5-甲基苯并咪唑分子(MMBI)的激发态进行了计算分析,计算结果表明乙醇溶剂中2-巯基-5-甲基苯并咪唑分子(MMBI)理论计算的吸收波长为226 nm, 288 nm.对研究2-巯基-5-甲基苯并咪唑分子的性质,提供了理论...     

光学元件的激光损伤问题

光学元件是各类激光系统不可或缺的光学功能实现部件,其性能决定了激光系统的输出能力和光束质量。光学元件的激光损伤问题从激光发明起就一直伴随着激光技术的发展,随着激光新技术的发展和激光新应用的牵引,激光的波段、脉冲宽度以及重复频率等参数不断拓宽,使得激光损伤问题更加复杂,但万变不离其宗,激光损伤问题的核心是光学元件或光学材料对激光的吸收机制问题。从激光与光学材料相互作用的基本原理出发,以惯性约束聚变（ICF）激光驱动器应用的典型光学材料和光学元件为研究对象,回顾了针对光学元件的激光损伤问题开展的科研工作,总结了在此期间形成的关键技术和里程碑进展,同时也对依然困扰该领域的几类光学元件存在的问题瓶颈以及进一步研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

Unravelling the essential difference between TiOx and AlOx interface layers on Ta3N5 photoanode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation

Tantalum nitride(Ta₃N₅)is a very promising photoanode material due to its narrow band gap(2.1 eV)and suitable band alignment for solar water splitting.However,it suffers from severe photocorrosion during water oxidation.In this work,it was found that surface passivation by AlO_x and TiO_x layers results in dramatically different PEC performance of Ta₃N₅ photoanode for water oxidation.The mechanism study indicates that the negative charges on AlO_x can generate additional field to promote separation of photogenerated charges,while the positive charges on TiO_x layer show the opposite effect.As a result,the Ta₃N₅ based photoanode modified with AlO_x layer gives a high photocurrent of 12.5 mA cm^-2 for 24 h at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).Dynamic analysis implies that the hole extraction and transfer are significantly improved by the modification with the AlO_x layer.This work reveals the importance of the charges on surface passivation layer in interface engineering of photoelectrodes.     

Enantioselective activation of stable carboxylate esters as enolate equivalents via N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts

The first N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) mediated activation of stable carboxylate esters to generate enolate intermediates is disclosed. The catalytically generated arylacetic ester enolates undergo enantioselective reactions with α,β-unsaturated imines.     

Quantitative structure-retention relationship of curcumin and its analogues

The natural product curcumin is widely used in Asian countries for the treatment of several diseases. However, the clinical potential of curcumins remains limited due to their relatively poor bioavailability and no experimental data about their lipophilicity for bioavailability prediction. To evaluate the retention and lipophilicity of curcumin and its 31 newly synthesized analogues, they were subjected to 3D quantitative structure-retention relationship studies by RP-HPLC. Superior than the classical four-variant quantitative structure-retention relationship model (conventional r(2) =0.734), the 3D comparative molecular similarity index analysis model with combined steric, electrostatic, and H-bond donor fields, resulted in a robust structure-retention correlation (cross-validated q(2) =0.613 and r(2) =0.979). The statistical analyses indicate that the electrostatic and H-bond donor fields have a primary influence on the chromatographic retention of analytes. The predictive power and robustness of the derived comparative molecular similarity index analysis model was further confirmed by the test-set validation (q(2) =0.702, r(2) =0.905, and the slope K=1.016) and Y-randomization examination. Statistically significant and physically meaningful 3D-quantitative structure-retention relationship provided better insight into understanding the retention behaviors of curcumin and its analogues, and their separation mechanism in a given RP-HPLC system.