An azo dye for photodynamic therapy that is activated selectively by two-photon excitation

Two-photon photodynamic therapy (TP-PDT) is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer because of its better penetration depth and superior spatial selectivity. Here, we describe an azo group containing cyclized-cyanine derivatives (ACC1 and ACC2) as a two-photon activated, type I based photosensitizer (PS). These small-molecule and heavy atom-free organic dyes showed marked reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating ability under physiological conditions, as well as fast loading ability into the cells and negligible dark toxicity. Live cell analyses with one- and two-photon microscopy revealed that these dyes showed higher ROS generation ability upon two-photon excitation than upon one-photon excitation via the type I process. The PSs have superior PDT properties compared to conventional Visudyne and 5-ALA under mild conditions. These characteristics allowed for precise PDT at the target region in mimic tumor spheroids, demonstrating that the developed TP PS could be useful in efficient PDT applications and in designing various PSs.

Azo containing dyes as a two-photon selective and type I based photosensitizers (PSs) were developed that exhibit excellent photodynamic therapy properties under mild condition.     

A conformational analysis method for understanding the energy landscapes of clusters.

A newly developed unbiased structural optimization method, named dynamic lattice searching (DLS), is proposed as an approach for conformational analysis of atomic/molecular clusters and used in understanding the energy landscape of large clusters. The structures of clusters are described in terms of the number of basic tetrahedron (BT) units they contain. We found that the hit numbers of different structural motifs in DLS runs is proportional to the number of BTs. A parameter T(max) is defined to limit the maximal number of atoms moved in a structural transition. Results show that T(max) is a key parameter for modulating the efficiency of the DLS method and has a great influence on the hit number of different motifs in DLS runs. Finally, the effect of potential range on the conformational distribution of the (Morse)(98) cluster is also discussed with different potential-range parameters.     

Self-assembly of dendrimers by slippage

[reaction: see text] A dendrimer with rotaxane-like characteristics has been assembled under thermodynamic control from complementary wedge-shaped precursors by slippage in CH(2)Cl(2). The driving force for the self-assembly process is the molecular recognition that exists as a result of [N(+)-H.O] and [C-H.O] hydrogen bonds between an NH(2)(+) center in one Fréchet-type benzyl ether wedge and a dibenzo[24]crown-8 unit that links the other two such wedges.     

Effect of iron-containing catalysts on thermal decomposition of cured GAP-AP propellants

The effects of various burning rate catalysts on thermal decomposition of cured glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)-ammonium perchlorate (AP) propellants have been studied by means of thermal analysis and a modified vacuum stability test (MVST). Four types of iron-containing catalysts examined in this paper are catocene, ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (FCA), ferrocene, and ferric oxide. Results of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) revealed that the catalysts play an important role in the decomposition of both AP and GAP. The peak decomposition temperature (T _m) of DTA curves and onset decomposition temperature (T _o) of TG patterns considerably shifted to a lower temperature as the concentration of catalysts increased in the propellants. The endothermic temperature of AP, however, is unaffected by the presence of burning rate catalysts in all cases. The activation energy of decomposition of the propellants in range of 80 to 120°C is determined, based on the MVST results.     

On the question of allene formation from tricyclic cyclopropylidenes

The carbenoid or carbene derived from $\text{8}$ undergoes dimerization or trapping with DPIBF. The allene mechanism previously proposed was made doubtful by the finding that stereoisomeric carbenes

and

give stereoisomeric products without crossover.     

From D-glucose to biologically potent L-hexose derivatives: synthesis of alpha-L-iduronidase fluorogenic detector and the disaccharide moieties of bleomycin A2 and heparan sulfate

A novel and convenient route for the synthesis of biologically potent and rare L-hexose derivatives from D-glucose is described. Conversion of diacetone-alpha-D-glucose (14) into 1,2:3,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-L-idofuranose (19) was efficiently carried out in two steps. Orthogonal isopropylidene rearrangement of compound 19 led to 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-L-idofuranose (27), which underwent regioselective epimerization at the C3 position to give the L-talo- and 3-functionalized L-idofuranosyl derivatives. Hydrolysis of compound 19 under acidic conditions furnished 1,6-anhydro-beta-L-idopyranose (35) in excellent yield, which was successfully transformed into the corresponding L-allo, L-altro, L-gulo, and L-ido derivatives via regioselective benzylation, benzoylation, triflation and nucleophilic substitution as the key steps. Applications of these 1,6-anhydro-beta-L-hexopyranoses as valuable building blocks to the syntheses of 4-methylcoumarin-7-yl-alpha-L-iduronic acid and the disaccharide moieties of bleomycin A(2) as well as heparan sulfate are highlighted.     

人血清与头发中铜,锌,铁,钙,镁,锰含量的相关分析

平行测定了５４例（男３１例，女２３例）成人血清和头发中铜，锌，铁，钙，镁和锰的含量，相关分析结果表明，血清与头发中６种元素的不相关两类样品比较，血清测定方法简便，误差小，但在检测人体内元素含量水平时，头发的测量结果比血清更灵敏。     

Study of air pollution particulates by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Summary This paper discusses the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to the determination of the chemical composition of sulfur and nitrogen species in air pollution particulates. Core electron chemical shift measurements are augmented by the determination of relative concentrations and volatility of particulate species.

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Untersuchung von Verunreinigungsteilchen in der Luft durch Röntgenphotoelektronen-Spektroskopie

Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung der Röntgenphotoelektronen-Spektroskopie auf die Bestimmung der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Schwefel und Stickstoff enthaltenden Verunreinigungsteilchen in Luft wird diskutiert. Messungen der chemischen Verschiebung werden ergänzt durch die Bestimmung der relativen Konzentrationen und der Flüchtigkeit der Verbindungen.

Presented at the 6th Annual Symposium on Recent Advances in the Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants, April 21–23, 1976; Vienna, Austria.     

A new isoprenyl phenyl ether compound from mangrove fungus

A new isoprenyl phenyl ether, 3-hydroxy-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)benzoic acid methyl ester (1), together with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid (3), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (4) were isolated from Mangrove fungus (No. B60) from the South China Sea. The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. In the preliminary bioassay, compound 1 exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities. Compound 1 also inhibited cytotoxicity to the hepG2 cell line with an IC₅₀ value of 10.0 μg/mL. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 313–314, July–August, 2007.     

ELECTROSPRAYING/ELECTROSPINNING OF POLY(γ-STEARYL-L-GLUTAMATE): FORMATION OF SURFACES WITH SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY

  Electrospraying/electrospinning of poly(γ-stearyl-L-glutamate) (PSLG) was investigated on a series solutions with different concentrations in chloroform. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR/ATR) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the electrosprayed/electrospun polypeptide mats. It was found that electrospraying of PSLG with concentrations lower than 16 wt% afforded beads, while microfibers could be electrospun at the concentration of 22 wt%. The hydrophobicity of the electrosprayed/electrospun PSLG mats was investigated with static water contact angle (WCA) and tilt angle measurements. It was demonstrated that the superhydrophobic surfaces of PSLG with WCAs and tilt angles in the ranges of 150°-170° and 16.5°-4.2°, respectively, were obtained through electrospraying/electrospinning process.