Adsorption dynamics of CO2 on Cu(1 1 0): A molecular beam study

Molecular beam scattering measurements have been conducted to examine the adsorption dynamics of CO₂ on Cu(1 1 0). The initial adsorption probability, S₀, decreases exponentially from 0.43 ± 0.03 to a value close to the detection limit (∼0.03) within the impact energy range of E_i = (0.12-1.30) eV. S₀ is independent of the adsorption temperature, T_s, and the impact angle, α_i, i.e., the adsorption is non-activated and total energy scaling is obeyed. The coverage, Θ, dependent adsorption probability, S(Θ), agrees with precursor-assisted adsorption dynamics (Kisliuk type) above T_s ∼ 91 K. However, below that temperature adsorbate-assisted adsorption (S increases with Θ) has been observed. That effect is most distinct at large E_i and low T_s. The S(Θ) data have been modeled by Monte Carlo simulations. No indications of CO₂ dissociation were obtained from Auger Electron Spectroscopy or the molecular beam scattering data.     

Structural diversity of organic chemistry. A scaffold analysis of the CAS Registry

By analyzing the scaffold content of the CAS Registry, we attempt to characterize in a comprehensive way the structural diversity of organic chemistry. The scaffold of a molecule is taken to be its framework, defined as all its ring systems and all the linkers that connect them. Framework data from more than 24 million organic compounds is analyzed. The distribution of frameworks among compounds is found to be top-heavy, i.e., a small percentage of frameworks occur in a large percentage of compounds. When frameworks are analyzed at the graph level, an even more top-heavy distribution is found: half of the compounds can be described by only 143 framework shapes. The most significant finding is that the framework distribution conforms almost exactly to a power law. This suggests that the more often a framework has been used as the basis for a compound, the more likely it is to be used in another compound. This may be explained by the cost of synthesis: making a new derivative of a framework is probably less costly if many other derivatives are known. We believe this power law is evidence that the minimization of synthetic cost has been a key factor in shaping the known universe of organic chemistry.     

Measurement of separate cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra with the fermi large area telescope

We measured separate cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Because the instrument does not have an onboard magnet, we distinguish the two species by exploiting Earth's shadow, which is offset in opposite directions for opposite charges due to Earth's magnetic field. We estimate and subtract the cosmic-ray proton background using two different methods that produce consistent results. We report the electron-only spectrum, the positron-only spectrum, and the positron fraction between 20 and 200?GeV. We confirm that the fraction rises with energy in the 20-100?GeV range. The three new spectral points between 100 and 200?GeV are consistent with a fraction that is continuing to rise with energy.     

Application of the facility location problem to the problem of locating concentrators on an FAA microwave system

The FAA has decided to install, operate, and maintain its own national microwave network called the Radio Communications Link (RCL) network. With this network and its capability to provide concentration points at any one of its microwave repeater locations, the FAA can substantially reduce its leased line budget. This paper addresses the problem of determining the most cost-effective mix of point-to-point leased lines and tail circuits to RCL concentrators for connecting communicating pairs of FAA facilities. The problem, formulated as an integer programming (IP) problem, is shown to be similar to the facility location problem. Also, like the facility problem, integral optimal solutions are frequently obtained. (The reason integral optimal solutions are frequently obtained for the facility location problem is not known.) Thus it is an example, more complex than the facility location problem, where such a phenomenon occurs. Also, the dimensionality of the problem precludes its being solved all in one piece. In this paper we formulate the problem, relate it to the facility location problem, and provide the partitioning and reduction techniques used to solve it in a reasonable amount of time. The partitioning and reduction techniques are independent of any particular formulation for this type of problem, and the solution methodology that would be applied to any subproblem.     

A synthetic approach to nomofungin/communesin B

[reaction: see text] A highly stereoselective intramolecular cycloaddition of an indole tethered to an aza-ortho-xylylene intermediate effects the rapid construction of a substantial portion of the ring system of the cytotoxic natural product communesin B. An analogous cycloaddition involving an ortho-quinone methide intermediate provides an adduct that clearly revealed that the structural assignment for nomofungin was in error.     

Adsorption dynamics of CO2 on copper-precovered ZnO(0001)-Zn: a molecular-beam scattering and thermal-desorption spectroscopy study

Initial, S(0), as well as coverage-dependent adsorption probability measurements, S(Theta), have been conducted at normal impact angle and as a function of the impact energy of CO(2), E(i), adsorption temperature, T(s), and copper precoverage, Theta(Cu) (at 300 K). S(0), which decreased from approximately 0.4 exponentially to approximately 0.05 with E(i) was independent of Theta(Cu). Astonishingly, S(0) for Cu on ZnO(0001)-Zn is smaller than for the clean support which indicates a chemical modification of the support by the Cu deposits. S(Theta) curves consist of two regimes, a Kisliuk-type and Langmuirian-type section. The first is consistent with capture zone models; the second may indicate direct adsorption of CO(2) on the Cu cluster. The thermal-desorption (TDS) curves for Cu on ZnO(0001)-Zn consist of two structures with binding energies of 26 and approximately 40 kJmol (nu=1 x 10(13) ls). The TDS results indicate that CO(2) populates predominantly the Cu deposits and the rim along the Cu nanoparticles. No indications for CO(2) dissociation could be obtained with Auger electron spectroscopy.     

Der Satz von v. Staudt-Schleiermacher in Minkowski-Ebenen

Let be a Minkowski-(incidence-)plane and let be the group of free projectivities of , i. e. the subgroup generated by pairs of proper perspectivities with identical centers. Our theorem then asserts that is miquelian if satisfies condition (P ₅), i. e. every free projectivity with 5 fixed points is the identity. But first a lemma is shown, which holds in Möbius- and Laguerre-(incidence-)planes too: if fulfills (P ₅), then every affine derivation of is pappian.     

Total synthesis of the sesquiterpene (+/-)-illudin C via an intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition

[reaction: see text] A convergent total synthesis of illudin C is described. The tricyclic ring system of the natural product was quickly assembled from cyclopropane and cyclopentene precursors via a novel oxime dianion coupling reaction and a subsequent intramolecular nitrile oxide-olefin cycloaddition.