Palladium(II) complex with a potential N4-type Schiff-base ligand as highly efficient catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura reactions in aqueous media

Two new air-stable palladium(II) complexes containing a N₄-Schiff-base ligand have been synthesized and investigated as catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. The binuclear complex 2 has proven to be an excellent catalyst for additive-free Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of aryl bromides in neat water at room temperature and aryl chlorides in aqueous-glycerol at 80 °C. Satisfactory to excellent yields of biaryls are obtained with a wide range of substrates with relatively low loading of catalyst.     

Silica Phosphoric Acid (SPA) as a Highly Active,Reusable, Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2-Amino/Anilino-5-ARYL-1,3,4-Thiadiazine Bromide Derivatives

Silica phosphoric acid has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino/anilino-5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazine bromide derivatives from the reaction of thiosemicarbazide and α-bromoketones in acetonitrile at room temperature. The catalyst can be reused for four times without any significant loss of catalytic activity. The experimental procedure is simple, and the products are obtained in high yield.     

Inorganic Bergman Cyclization: An Appeal From Theory

The scope of Bergman cyclization is expanded computationally by exploring the cyclization in inorganic B, N substituted derivative. This substitution has introduced polarity into the transition state, which resulted in dramatic lowering of the activation barrier. Natural charge distribution throughout the reaction profile has ascertained this hypothesis. Single B and N atom substitution at 1 and 6 terminal positions lowers the activation barrier by almost half of the original value which becomes even lower in the complete B, N analogue. The parent Bergman and single B, N substituted products were characterized by significant biradical character while the complete B, N substituted analogue was characterized by significant zwitterionic character. Reduction in electron delocalization is also observed in the complete B, N substituted analogue.     

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles

Abstract

2-Substituted benzothiazoles ( 3a–h ) were prepared from the condensation reaction of 2-aminothiophenol 1 with aldehydes 2 in the presence of P-Ts-OH and graphite on the surface of solid mineral supports without using any oxidizing agent under microwave irradiation.     

Transparent monolithic cubic mesoporous silica synthesized by structure-directing surfactant

The synthesis of transparent monolithic silica with a structure consistent with a space group Pn3m )isdemonstratedusingatemplate-directedsynthesisapproach.TheprocedureisbasedonthehydrolysisandpolymerizationofsiliconalkoxideatlowpHinthepresenceofacationicsurfactant.Thelow-pHreactionrouteischosentoobtaintransparentmonolithicmesoporoussilica.AstructureconsistentwiththePn3m) space group with unit cell lattice parameter ranging from 60–64 Å was identified using small-angle X-ray diffraction. While the lattice parameter is observed to be a monotonically increasing function of surfactant-to-silica ratio, the surfactant-to-alkoxide ratio has a weak discernible effect on the lattice parameter. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the samples are in the range of 787–845 m²/g, 0.37–0.51 cc/g and 18–24 Å respectively. This synthesis approach offers a one-step formation of monolithic mesoporous silica of diverse dimensions for potential use in a variety of technological applications such as catalysis, controlled release and adsorption phenomena . PACS 36.10.Gr; 68.65.-k; 73.21.-b; 73.23.-b     

Effects of Some Parameters on Particle Size Distribution of Chitosan Nanoparticles Prepared by Ionic Gelation Method

In this research, chitosan nanoparticles were prepared based on the ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions. Effects of parameters such as chitosan concentration, tripolyphosphate concentration, and reaction time on the particle size distribution were investigated. In order to determine optimum conditions, tests were designed by Qualitek-4 software, using Taguchi method. The best conditions were determined based on three factors at three levels. Therefore, the main object was to investigate the effect of some parameters on particle size distribution and determine the optimum conditions for preparing chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation, followed by evaluation of the physicochemical and structural properties. The size distribution of original chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles were determined by Laser Diffraction and Dynamic Light Scattering, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the chitosan nanoparticles were studied using SEM, TEM, XRD pattern, FTIR, UV–vis, TGA, and NMR spectra. The optimum chitosan concentration, tripolyphosphate concentration, and reaction time were found to be 1.0 mg/ml, 1.0 mg/ml, and 60 min, respectively.     

<Emphasis Type="Bold">(Ba,Sr)TiO</Emphasis><Subscript>3</Subscript> thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition with low dielectric loss at microwave frequencies

We report a method for producing BST films with consistently high figures of merit for tunable microwave applications. (Ba_1-x,Sr_x)TiO₃ (x=0.4, target doped with 1% W) thin films have been deposited using pulsed laser deposition onto (100)MgO substrates. Films were deposited at low partial pressures of oxygen (50 mTorr) at a substrate temperature of 730 °C. An analysis of the X-ray diffraction data indicates that the film has a nearly cubic structure, with the overall lattice parameter enlarged relative to the bulk material due to the presence of oxygen vacancies. A post-deposition anneal of the film in flowing oxygen (1000 °C for 6 h) resulted in a decrease in the lattice parameter while remaining nearly cubic. An analysis of the microwave dielectric properties (1–20 GHz) showed that the annealed film exhibited about 10% tunability for an applied bias field of 67 kV/cm with a dielectric Q(1/tan)>600. Investigation of the films by time-resolved confocal scanning optical microscopy (CSOM) has revealed that there is an out-of-plane polarization at zero applied field (E_DC=0). The results show that the paraelectric response is relatively insensitive to applied field, while the ferroelectric response is correlated with the growth of in-plane nanodomains. We find these results to be consistent with a large number of studies that show that strain-relief is of paramount importance if ferroelectric films are to be developed as microwave circuit components. PACS 81.15.Fg; 85.50.-n     

Microwaves spark emission spectroscopy for the analysis of cations:A simple form of atomic emission spectroscopy

A novel method for the cation analysis was investigated.The analysis is based on the sparking of the salts of metals in a microwave oven after placing in a graphite cell.The graphite cell absorbs microwaves and produces high temperature which converts the salt into light emitting species.The colour of light was found to dependent on the nature of cation,however,the intensity of the emitted light was found to be depending upon the form and shape of the graphite assembly in addition to the concentration of the salt.This communication presents explanation for all these observations and for the systematic and quantitative analysis using microwave spark emission technique.