Photo‐Electrochemical C−H Bond Activation of Cyclohexane Using a WO3 Photoanode and Visible Light

The photo‐electrochemical C?H bond activation of cyclohexane to produce cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (KA oil) with high partial oxidation selectivity (99 %) and high current utilization ratio (76 %) was achieved in air at room temperature at atmospheric pressure. The production rate of KA oil was accelerated by applying a bias. The incident photon to current efficiencies at 365 and 420 nm were 57 % and 24 %, respectively.     

Bruceines D,E and H

The absolute stereochemistry of bruceines D, E and H has been confirmed to be 1S, 5S, 7R, 8R, 9R, 10S, 11R, 12S, 13R, 14R, 15R and additionally 2S for bruceine E by a combination of 2D nmr [¹H-¹H and ¹H-¹³C (one-bond and long-range) COSY] nOe and cd spectroscopic analyses.     

Isolation of peridinin-related norcarotenoids with cell growth-inhibitory activity from the cultured dinoflagellate of Symbiodinium sp., a symbiont of the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis,and analysis of fatty acids of the dinoflagellate

Two norcarotenoids, 1 and 2, related to peridinin (3) were isolated from the cultured dinoflagellate of the genus Symbiodinium, a symbiont of the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis, which contains in abundance antitumor marine prostanoids such as clavulones. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. These compounds showed significant growth-inhibitory activity in vitro toward cancer cells. Analysis of fatty acids of the dinoflagellate was also carried out, suggesting that the marine prostanoids are produced by the host soft coral itself.     

Strain energy due to {001} crystallographic shear planes in materials possessing the ReO3 structure

The elastic strain energy in a structure of the ReO₃ type containing ordered arrays of {001} CS planes has been calculated. The values obtained are for the elastic strain energy of the matrix between CS planes and also the relaxation energy of the ions in the CS planes themselves. Interactions from all the CS planes in the crystal are summed and not just those from nearest neighbors. The extent to which the CS planes can be considered to transmit the forces which strain the crystal is considered by including a variable parameter, α, in the calculations, which is related to the type of chemical bonding present in the CS planes. The results are compared with experimental observations in the WO₃Nb₂O₅ and NbO₂F systems. It is concluded that the value of α is high for WO₃ doped with Nb₂O₅ and low for NbO₂F in accord with the expectations of chemical bonding. The results also support the view that elastic strain energy is important in influencing the microstructures observed in crystals containing CS planes.     

Amino acids and peptides. XXXIII. Synthesis of N-terminal epitope peptides of mammalian metallothioneins (MTs).

In order to determine the fine structure of the mammalian metallothionein (MT) epitope to a monoclonal anti-rat Zn-MT-II antibody (MT 189-14-7), N-terminal peptides of various lengths of mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) were synthesized by a conventional solution method using the newly developed beta-2-adamantylaspartate, and their immunological properties were examined. It was found that the N-terminal acetyl group was indispensable for the reaction with the monoclonal antibody and the N-terminally acetylated pentapeptide, Ac-Met-Asp-Pro-Asn-Cys-OH, was the smallest peptide which exhibited a significant reactivity with the antibody.     

Application of radiochemical technique in the investigation of chemical reaction at low temperature

Radiochemical technique was used to investigate cryogenic chemical reaction. By introducing reactants of H and T into liquid ³H through ³He(n,p)T reaction, behaviors of H+T→HT and T+T→T₂ were investigated under pressurized condition. Within saturated vapor pressure upto 0.61 Mpa, the isotope ratio of HT/T₂ changed. It was suggested that the change of HT/T₂ was attributed to bubble formation and chemical potential in liquid helium.     

Calorimetric study on phase transition of lanthanum perchlorate octahydrate

Heat capacities of lanthanum perchlorate octahydrate La(ClO₄)₃8H₂O have been measured from 11 to 320 K by an adiabatic calorimeter. Two phase transitions were observed at 115.5 K and 285.2 K, respectively. The enthalpy and entropy of the upper phase transition amounted to 17.97 kJ mol^?1 and 62.98 JK^?1mol^?1. Anomalously large entropy change can be interpreted by a statistical model including a combined positional and orientational disorder of the hydrate water molecules, in accord with an unusually high crystal symmetry of the room temperature phase.     

Wu's Equations and Quasi-Hypergeometric Functions

We investigate analytic solutions to Wu's equations and their symmetry property, singularities and monodromy, relating them to quasi hypergeometric functions. We finally give the monodromy theorem for them in one, two and arbitrary dimensional cases (see Theorem 1, 2 and 3). Received: 22 October 1999 / Accepted: 28 June 2001     

Water entry of stripe-coated hydrophobic circular cylinders

Abstract  

This paper visually demonstrates water entry of horizontal hydrophobic circular cylinders, 12 mm in diameter and 300 mm long, by three types of coating of a water-repellent material; (a) perfectly coated, (b) right half surface coated, and (c) stripe coated. After the entry of the cylinder into water, the hydrophobic surface of the cylinder forms an air cavity behind it, whereas the hydrophilic surface is perfectly wetted. As a result, the resulting cavities are found to independently grow and break off from the cylinder even for the Type (c).