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21.
22.
CO photodesorption from Pt(111) induced by femtosecond laser pulses is probed by IR+visible sum frequency generation (SFG). Steady state analysis of SFG spectra at varying CO pressure and laser fluence allows one to measure a approximately 5 orders of magnitude decrease of the photodesorption rate constant when CO coverage decreases from 0.37 to 0.07 monolayer. We ascribe this effect in the framework of the Menzel-Gomer-Redhead mechanism to electron delocalization in the CO layer. The lifetime of electronic excitation decreases when coverage decreases. 相似文献
23.
Excepted for the very short terms the frequency stability of ultra-stable oscillators is mainly limited by the resonator noise. In this work we proposed a parametric model of the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator phase noise based on an equivalent circuit. This model explains phase noise generated by a BAW crystal from a point of view of parametric fluctuations and proves the f−1 dependences of the crystal noise. The model performance is verified with simulation. Simulation results are compared to experimental data and discussed. Comparison of three existing models is made. 相似文献
24.
Philip N Klein Serge A Plotkin Satish Rao Éva Tardos 《Journal of Algorithms in Cognition, Informatics and Logic》1997,22(2):241-269
In this paper we consider theSteiner multicutproblem. This is a generalization of the minimum multicut problem where instead of separating nodepairs, the goal is to find a minimum weight set of edges that separates all givensetsof nodes. A set is considered separated if it is not contained in a single connected component. We show anO(log3(kt)) approximation algorithm for the Steiner multicut problem, wherekis the number of sets andtis the maximum cardinality of a set. This improves theO(t log k) bound that easily follows from the previously known multicut results. We also consider an extension of multicuts to directed case, namely the problem of finding a minimum-weight set of edges whose removal ensures that none of the strongly connected components includes one of the prespecifiedknode pairs. In this paper we describe anO(log2 k) approximation algorithm for this directed multicut problem. Ifk ? n, this represents an improvement over theO(log n log log n) approximation algorithm that is implied by the technique of Seymour. 相似文献
25.
26.
Benoit Roberge Serge Jandl Agung A. Nugroho Thomas T. M. Palstra Le D. Tung Geetha Balakrishnan 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2015,46(11):1157-1160
The coexistence at low temperature in YVO3 and LaVO3 of two competing phases with defined orbital and spin orientations is studied by Raman spectroscopy. The temperature evolution of the phonons indicates that phase coexistence, due to strain in YVO3 and fluctuations in LaVO3, is not restricted to small R ionic radius in RVO3 compounds. Also, a typical temperature at 50 K is inferred from the temperature dependence of the intensities in LaVO3. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
27.
We study sequences of empirical measures of Euler schemes associated to some non-Markovian SDEs: SDEs driven by Gaussian processes with stationary increments. We obtain the functional convergence of this sequence to a stationary solution to the SDE. Then, we end the paper by some specific properties of this stationary solution. We show that, in contrast to Markovian SDEs, its initial random value and the driving Gaussian process are always dependent. However, under an integral representation assumption, we also obtain that the past of the solution is independent of the future of the underlying innovation process of the Gaussian driving process. 相似文献
28.
This paper deals with a control-constrained linear-quadratic optimal control problem governed by the Stokes equations. It
is concerned with situations where the gradient of the velocity field is not bounded. The control is discretized by piecewise
constant functions. The state and the adjoint state are discretized by finite element schemes that are not necessarily conforming.
The approximate control is constructed as projection of the discrete adjoint velocity in the set of admissible controls. It
is proved that under certain assumptions on the discretization of state and adjoint state this approximation is of order 2
in L
2(Ω). As first example a prismatic domain with a reentrant edge is considered where the impact of the edge singularity is counteracted
by anisotropic mesh grading and where the state and the adjoint state are approximated in the lower order Crouzeix-Raviart
finite element space. The second example concerns a nonconvex, plane domain, where the corner singularity is treated by isotropic
mesh grading and state and adjoint state can be approximated by a couple of standard element pairs. 相似文献
29.
Serge Haroche 《Hyperfine Interactions》1998,114(1-4):87-101
A Rydberg atom coupled to a single field mode in a high Q superconducting cavity is an ideal tool to perform experiments testing the most puzzling aspects of the quantum theory. The coupling between the atom and the field is either resonant or dispersive. In the resonant case, quantum Rabi oscillations in the vacuum or in a small coherent field injected in the cavity are observed. The analysis of these signals reveals in a striking way the quantization of the field. Quantum Rabi oscillations are also used to produce entanglement between successive atoms crossing the cavity. Dispersive atom-field coupling is used to prepare coherent superpositions of field states with different phases (Schrödinger cat states). The progressive decoherence of these states is studied by measuring correlations between the energies of pairs of atoms sent through the cavity with a variable delay between them. These experiments provide fundamental tests of quantum theory and shed light on the transition from quantum to classical in mesoscopic systems. 相似文献
30.
Termination criteria for the iterative solution of bound-constrained optimization problems are examined in the light of backward
error analysis. It is shown that the problem of determining a suitable perturbation on the problem’s data corresponding to
the definition of the backward error is analytically solvable under mild assumptions. Moreover, a link between existing termination
criteria and this solution is clarified, indicating that some standard measures of criticality may be interpreted in the sense
of backward error analysis. The backward error problem is finally considered from the multicriteria optimization point of
view and some numerical illustration is provided. 相似文献